Flow-Volume Parameters in COPD Related to Extended Measurements of Lung Volume, Diffusion, and Resistance
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
Controls
GOLD1
GOLD2
GOLD3
GOLD4
Female/Male,
16/18
6/7
10/12
7/8
9/6
Age, years
67 (66–70)
68 (66–69)
66 (61–68)**
65 (60–69)
66 (62–68)
Smoker/Former smoker,
5/29
7/6
7/15
1/14
0/15
Packyears
27 (21–35)
27 (17–45)
31 (23–51)
40 (30–48)**
35 (28–40)
Body mass index
27 (24–28)
26 (25–28)
27 (24–30)
24 (21–27)
24 (21–27)
No inhaled medication
33
12
7
0
0
SABA use
0
0
7
6
3
LAMA use
0
1
13
15
15
LABA use
1
1
11
11
14
ICS use
1
1
12
13
14
O2 use
0
0
0
2
5
CCQ-score
4.0 (1.8–7.0)
6.0 (2.0–10.0)
11.0 (4.0–17.3)***
14.2 (19.0–21.0)***†††‡
25 (24–30)**†
FEV1 (L)
2.8 (2.3–3.4)
2.5 (2.2–3.4)
1.9 (1.6–2.2)***††
1.2 (1.0–1.4)***†††‡‡‡
0.7 (0.5–0.9)***†††‡‡‡###
FEV1 (%)
95 (90–105)
90 ( 87–94)
61 (55–70)***†††
41 ( 33–49)***†††‡‡‡
27 (22–28)***†††‡‡‡###
FVC (L)
3.7 (3.0–4.3)
4.2 (3.3–4.8)
3.4 (2.9–4.1)
2.9 (2.2–3.4)**††‡
2.1 (1.1–3.0)***†††‡‡‡#
FVC (%)
96 (88–103)
106 (99–114)**
85 (73–94)**†††
76 (68–83)***†††‡
63 (35–73)***†††‡‡‡#
FEV1/FVC
0.77 (0.74–0.80)
0.66 (0.63–0.70)***
0.58 (0.49–0.65)***††
0.39 (0.36–0.47)***†††‡‡‡
0.31 (0.30–0.46)***†††‡‡‡#
Significant difference compared to healthy smokers, significant difference compared to GOLD1, significant difference compared to GOLD2, significant difference compared to GOLD3, one symbol flagging P < 0.05, two symbols flagging P < 0.01 and three symbols flagging P < 0.001. SABA: short acting beta agonist, LAMA: long acting muscarinic agonist, LABA: long acting beta agonist, ICS: inhaled corticosteroids, O2: oxygen therapy. All data are presented as median (interquartile range) or otherwise stated.
