The general features of human PPARs. (a) Structure and functional domain of
human PPARs. A/B, C, D, and E/F indicate N-terminal A/B domain containing a
ligand-independent activation function 1, DNA-binding domain (DBD), hinge
region, and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD), respectively. The number
inside each domain corresponds to the percentage of amino acid sequence identity
of human PPAR and PPAR relative to PPAR. (b) PPAR/RXR heterodimers bind to a
PPRE located in the promoter of target genes through the DBD. Unliganded PPAR
associates with the corepressor complex. In the presence of ligand, the
ligand-bound LBD associates with the coactivator complex.
