Improved Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism by Cinnamon Extract through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

Figure 4

CE activated transactivities of PPAR𝛾 and PPAR𝛼. Full-length PPAR𝛾 or PPAR𝛼 was cotransfected with PPRE-J3-TK-Luc reporter construct to 293T cell and treated with CE (0.2 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL), 1 𝜇M of troglitazone or WY-14643 for 24 hours as positive controls. Rellina luc was used as a transfection efficiency control and the relative luciferase activities were measured against renilla luciferase activities. For LBD activity assay, pMCX-GAL4-LBD of PPAR𝛾 or 𝛼 expression constructs were cotransfected with USA_G×4-TK-Luc into 293T using the same protocol as described above. The empty vectors were used as control. (a) Full-length PPAR𝛾. (b) Full-length PPAR𝛼. (c) LBD PPAR𝛾. (d) LBD PPAR𝛼. The results represent three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SE. ^∗𝑃<.05, ^∗∗𝑃<.01. Tro: troglitazone; WY: WY14643.

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