| Author |
Sex | Route |
Duration | Dosage |
Type of tumor | Tumor frequency (%) |
Species, strain |
| [39] Rat F344 | M | Feed | 103 w | 0.00% | Hepatic tumors | 6 | | | | | 0.60% | | 12 | | | | | 1.20% | | 24 | | F | Feed | 103 w | 0.00% | Hepatic tumors | 0 | | | | | 0.60% | | 12 | | | | | 1.20% | | 26 | [41] Rat F344 | F | Feed | 2 y | 0.00% | Hepatic tumors | 0 | | | | | 0.03% | | 6 | | | | | 0.10% | | 5 | | | | | 1.20% | | 30 | [42] Rat F344 | M | Oral | 24 m | 0 (water) | Liver carcinoma | 4 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 12 | | | | | 2EH 50 mg/kg | | 6 | | | | | 2EH 150 | | 6 | | | | | 2EH 500 | | 2 | | M | Oral | 24 m | 0 (water) | Liver adenoma | 0 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 0 | | | | | 2EH 50 mg/kg | | 0 | | | | | 2EH 150 | | 2 | | | | | 2EH 500 | | 0 | | F | Oral | 24 m | 0 (water) | Liver carcinoma | 0 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 2 | | | | | 2EH 50 mg/kg | | 2 | | | | | 2EH 150 | | 4 | | | | | 2EH 500 | | 0 | [42] Mouse B6C3F1 | M | Oral | 18 m | 0 (water) | Liver carcinoma | 8 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 12 | | | | | 2EH 50 mg/kg | | 12 | | | | | 2EH 200 | | 14 | | | | | 2EH 750 | | 18 | | M | Oral | 18 m | 0 (water) | Liver adenoma | 0 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 0 | | | | |
2EH 50 mg/kg | | 0 | | | | | 2EH 200 | | 0 | | | | | 2EH 750 | | 2 | | F | Oral | 18 m | 0 (water) | Liver carcinoma | 2 | | | | | 0 (vehicle) | | 0 | | | | | 2EH 50 mg/kg | | 2 | | | | | 2EH 200 | | 6 | | | | | 2EH 750 | | 10 | [43] Rat F344 | M | Feed | 2 y | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 2 | | | | |
6000 ppm | | 2 | | | | | 12000 ppm | | 10 | | M | Feed | 2 y | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular neoplastic nodule | 4 | | | | |
6000 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 12000 ppm | | 14 | ≻ | F | Feed | 2 y | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | |
6000 ppm | | 4 | | | | | 12000 ppm | | 16 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular neoplastic nodule | 0 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 8 | | | | | 12000 ppm | | 10 | [43] Mouse B6C3F1 | M | Feed | 2 y | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 18 | | | | |
3000 ppm | | 29 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 38 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 10 | | | | |
3000 ppm | | 23 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 20 | | F | Feed | 2 y | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | |
3000 ppm | | 14 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 34 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 2 | | | | |
3000 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 2 | [40] Rat F344 | M | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 10 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 40 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 10 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 10 | | F | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 20 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 0 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 10 | | M | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 1 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 2 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 5 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 30 | | | | | Recovery | | 13 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 5 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 5 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 12 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 26 | | | | | Recovery | | 22 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 2 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 2 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 18 | | | | | Recovery | | 7 | ≻ | F | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 6 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 2 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 3 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 10 | [40] Mouse B6C3F1 | M | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 7 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 7 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 20 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 7 | | F | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 13 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 10 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 27 | | M | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 6 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 8 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 14 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 22 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 31 | | | | | Recovery | | 22 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 6 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 17 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 20 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 22 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 27 | | | | | Recovery | | 5 | | F | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 4 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 3 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 5 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 15 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 23 | | | | | Recovery | | 42 | | | | | 0 ppm | Hepatocellular adenoma | 0 | | | | | 100 ppm | | 3 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 6 | | | | | 1500 ppm | | 14 | | | | | 6000 ppm | | 49 | | | | | Recovery | | 24 | [43] Rat F344 | M | Feed | 2 y |
0, 6000,
12000 ppm | Pituitary adenoma or carcinoma | Decrease in highest dose | | F | Feed | 2 y | 0, 6000,
12000 ppm | Pituitary adenoma or carcinoma | Decrease in lower dose | | M | Feed | 2 y | 0, 6000,
12000 ppm | Thyroid C-cell adenoma or carcinoma | Decrease in highest dose (unclear) | | M | Feed | 2 y | 0, 6000,
12000 ppm | Testis interstitial cells tumor | Decrease in highest dose | | F | Feed | 2 y | 0, 6000,
12000 ppm | Mammary gland | Decrease in highest dose | [36] Rat F344 | M | Diet | 78 w | 0 ppm | Interstitial cells tumor or testes | 90 | | | | |
2500 ppm | | 100 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 30 | | M | Diet | 104 w | 0 ppm | Interstitial cells tumor or testes | 92 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 90 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 91 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 92 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 31 | | | | | 0 ppm | Mononuclear cell leukemia | 23 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 26 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 29 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 49 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 42 | | | | | 0 ppm | Pancreatic acinar cell adenoma | 0 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 8 | | F | Diet | 104 w | 0 ppm | Mononuclear cell leukemia | 22 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 34 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 20 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 25 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 26 | | | | | 0 ppm | Pancreatic acinar cell adenoma | 0 | | | | |
100 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 2500 ppm | | 0 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 3 | [44] Rat F344 | M | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm | Interstitial cells tumor or testes | 90 | | | | |
12500 ppm | | 30 | | | | | 0 ppm | Mononuclear cell leukemia | 0 | | | | |
12500 ppm | | 10 | ≻ | M | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm | Interstitial cells tumor or testes | 92 | | | | |
12500 ppm | | 31 | | | | | Recovery | | 32 | | | | | 0 ppm | Mononuclear cell leukemia | 23 | | | | | 12500 ppm | | 42 | | | | | Recovery | | 53 | [35] Mouse B6C3F1 | M, | Diet | 78 w, |
0, 100,
500, 1500, | No data about tumors | | | | | | 6000 ppm | | | [44] Rat F344 | F | Diet | 79 w | 0 ppm,
12500 ppm | No data about tumors | | | | | | | | | [44] Mouse B6C3F1 | M, | Diet | 79 w |
0 ppm,
6000 ppm, | No data about tumors | | | M, | Diet | 105 w | 0 ppm,
6000 ppm, | No data about tumors | | [45] Mouse 129/Sv, PPARα-null | M | Diet | 21 m | | Liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma) | Wild-type | PPAR-null | | | | | 0% | 0 | 4 | | | | | 0.01% | 9 | 4 | | | | | 0.05% | 10 | 25.8 |
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