]>

Table 2: PPARα and tumorigenesis: lessons from the PPARα-null mice.

Ligand Host Challenge Effect Target Reference WY14643 PPARα-null mice Resistant to the development of spontaneous hepatocarcinoma Inability to downregulate the miRNA let-7C [52] WY14643 Fenofibrate PPARα-humanized transgenic mouse Resistant to the development of spontaneous hepatocarcinoma Inability to downregulate the microRNA let-7C [53, 54] WY14643 PPARα-null mice Injection of isogenic tumor cells Resistant to the Wyeth-mediated antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic activities Inability to downregulate arachidonate epoxygenase expression [38] DEHP PPARα-null mice Development of hepatocarcinoma Increased PPARα-independent oxidative stress [55] WY14643 Fenofibrate PPARα-null mice Carotid arterial injury Intimal hyperplasia Inability to induce the expression of the tumor suppressor p16INK4a [56] PPARα-null mice Injection of isogenic tumor cells Resistant to the development of primary and metastatic tumor growth Increased recruitment of granulocyte responsible for thrombospondin production [57] PPARα-null mice Increased susceptibility to spontaneous adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas Not explored [58]