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Table 1: Relationship between obesity, PPAR-γ, fatty acids, and increased risk of breast cancer

Component Association with obesity Association with breast cancer Primary source PAI-1 Breast epithelial cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes [61, 72] [14, 73] uPA Unknown Tumor cells, epithelial cells [14, 74] uPAR Unknown Monocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, tumor cells [32] TNF-$\alpha$ Macrophages, adipocytes, lymphocytes [61, 64] [75] Aromatase Breast epithelium, [76] endometrium, adipocytes [77] [78, 79] Leptin Adipocytes [6] [71, 80, 81] Adiponectin Adipocytes [82, 83] [6, 84] [80, 85] PPAR-$\gamma$ Adipocytes, tumor cells [86, 87] [88, 89] $\omega$-3 FA Diet [90, 91] [92, 93] $\omega$-6 FA Diet [90, 91] [94, 95]