PPAR Research
Volume 2009 (2009), Article ID 425289, 9 pages
doi:10.1155/2009/425289
Research Article
Time-Dependent Vascular Effects of Endocannabinoids Mediated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)
1School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Derby City General Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
2School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Received 9 December 2008; Accepted 5 February 2009
Academic Editor: Antonio Brunetti
Copyright © 2009 Saoirse E. O'Sullivan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- J. Janke, M. Schupp, S. Engeli, et al., “Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists induce human in-vitro adipogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activation,” Journal of Hypertension, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1809–1816, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- M. Jasińska, J. Owczarek, and D. Orszulak-Michalak, “Statins: a new insight into their mechanisms of action and consequent pleiotropic effects,” Pharmacological Reports, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 483–499, 2007.
- M. Schupp, J. C. Curtin, R. J. Kim, A. N. Billin, and M. A. Lazar, “A widely used retinoic acid receptor antagonist induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activity,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 1251–1257, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- N. K. Salam, T. H.-W. Huang, B. P. Kota, M. S. Kim, Y. Li, and D. E. Hibbs, “Novel PPAR-gamma agonists identified from a natural product library: a virtual screening, induced-fit docking and biological assay study,” Chemical Biology & Drug Design, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 57–70, 2008.
- K. Kuroyanagi, M.-S. Kang, T. Goto, et al., “Citrus auraptene acts as an agonist for PPARs and enhances adiponectin production and MCP-1 reduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 366, no. 1, pp. 219–225, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- S. E. O'Sullivan, “Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 152, no. 5, pp. 576–582, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- K. R. Kozak, R. A. Gupta, J. S. Moody, et al., “15-lipoxygenase metabolism of 2-arachidonylglycerol: generation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 277, no. 26, pp. 23278–23286, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- J. Fu, S. Gaetani, F. Oveisi, et al., “Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-,” Nature, vol. 425, no. 6953, pp. 90–93, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- M. Guzmán, J. Lo Verme, J. Fu, F. Oveisi, C. Blázquez, and D. Piomelli, “Oleoylethanolamide stimulates lipolysis by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-),” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 27, pp. 27849–27854, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- J. Lo Verme, J. Fu, G. Astarita, et al., “The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 15–19, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- Y. Sun, S. P. H. Alexander, D. A. Kendall, and A. J. Bennett, “Cannabinoids and PPAR signalling,” Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1095–1097, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- J. Liu, H. Li, S. H. Burstein, R. B. Zurier, and J. D. Chen, “Activation and binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor by synthetic cannabinoid ajulemic acid,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 983–992, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. E. O'Sullivan, E. J. Tarling, A. J. Bennett, D. A. Kendall, and M. D. Randall, “Novel time-dependent vascular actions of - tetrahydrocannabinol mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 337, no. 3, pp. 824–831, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- C. E. Rockwell and N. E. Kaminski, “A cyclooxygenase metabolite of anandamide causes inhibition of interleukin-2 secretion in murine splenocytes,” Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 311, no. 2, pp. 683–690, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- C. E. Rockwell, N. T. Snider, J. T. Thompson, J. P. Vanden Heuvel, and N. E. Kaminski, “Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 101–111, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- M. Bouaboula, S. Hilairet, J. Marchand, L. Fajas, G. Le Fur, and P. Casellas, “Anandamide induced PPAR transcriptional activation and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation,” European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 517, no. 3, pp. 174–181, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- V. Gasperi, F. Fezza, N. Pasquariello, et al., “Endocannabinoids in adipocytes during differentiation and their role in glucose uptake,” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 219–229, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- S. E. O'Sullivan, A. J. Bennett, D. A. Kendall, and M. D. Randall, “Cannabinoids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR),” in Proceedings of the International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS '06), p. 59, Tihany, Hungary, June 2006.
- S. E. O'Sullivan, D. A. Kendall, and M. D. Randall, “Further characterization of the time-dependent vascular effects of -tetrahydrocannabinol,” Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 317, no. 1, pp. 428–438, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- J. Hwang, D. J. Kleinhenz, B. Lassègue, K. K. Griendling, S. Dikalov, and C. M. Hart, “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production,” American Journal of Physiology, vol. 288, no. 4, pp. C899–C905, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- P. M. Zygmunt, J. Petersson, D. A. Andersson, et al., “Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide,” Nature, vol. 400, no. 6743, pp. 452–457, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D. Harris, A. I. McCulloch, D. A. Kendall, and M. D. Randall, “Characterization of vasorelaxant responses to anandamide in the rat mesenteric arterial bed,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 539, no. 3, pp. 893–902, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. E. O'Sullivan, D. A. Kendall, and M. D. Randall, “Vascular effects of -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), anandamide and N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) in the rat isolated aorta,” European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 507, no. 1–3, pp. 211–221, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- L. Offertáler, F.-M. Mo, S. Bátkai, et al., “Selective ligands and cellular effectors of a G protein-coupled endothelial cannabinoid receptor,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 699–705, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- P. M. Hoi and C. R. Hiley, “Vasorelaxant effects of oleamide in rat small mesenteric artery indicate action at a novel cannabinoid receptor,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 147, no. 5, pp. 560–568, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- S. E. Cunnane, Y. Y. Chan, and M. D. Randall, “Rosiglitazone-induced vasorelaxation in the rat aorta,” Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society, vol. 2, no. 2, abstract 096P, 2004.
- M. D. Randall, D. A. Kendall, and S. E. O'Sullivan, “The complexities of the cardiovascular actions of cannabinoids,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 20–26, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- M. Yano, T. Matsumura, T. Senokuchi, et al., “Statins activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages,” Circulation Research, vol. 100, no. 10, pp. 1442–1451, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- B. L. Upham, A. M. Rummel, J. M. Carbone, et al., “Cannabinoids inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication and activate ERK in a rat liver epithelial cell line,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 12–18, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D. G. Demuth and A. Molleman, “Cannabinoid signalling,” Life Sciences, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 549–563, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- Z. Bagi, A. Koller, and G. Kaley, “PPAR activation, by reducing oxidative stress, increases NO bioavailability in coronary arterioles of mice with Type 2 diabetes,” American Journal of Physiology, vol. 286, no. 2, pp. H742–H748, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D.-H. Cho, Y. J. Choi, S. A. Jo, and I. Jo, “Nitric oxide production and regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation by prolonged treatment with troglitazone: evidence for involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) -dependent and PPAR-independent signaling pathways,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 4, pp. 2499–2506, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- H. Y. Ling, S. D. Feng, S. H. Zhou, B. X. Wang, X. Q. Liu, and B. Hu, “Effects of rosiglitazone on aortic function in rats with insulin resistant-hypertension,” Sheng Li Xue Bao, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 125–131, 2005.
- J. B. Majithiya, A. N. Paramar, and R. Balaraman, “Pioglitazone, a PPAR agonist, restores endothelial function in aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,” Cardiovascular Research, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 150–161, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D. Bishop-Bailey, “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 823–834, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- W. A. Hsueh and D. Bruemmer, “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor : implications for cardiovascular disease,” Hypertension, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 297–305, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- S. Z. Duan, M. G. Usher, and R. M. Mortensen, “Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor--mediated effects in the vasculature,” Circulation Research, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 283–294, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- N. J. Underdown, C. R. Hiley, and W. R. Ford, “Anandamide reduces infarct size in rat isolated hearts subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion by a novel cannabinoid mechanism,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 146, no. 6, pp. 809–816, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D. Lamontagne, P. Lépicier, C. Lagneux, and J. F. Bouchard, “The endogenous cardiac cannabinoid system: a new protective mechanism against myocardial ischemia,” Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 242–246, 2006.
- P. Pacher and G. Haskó, “Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning,” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 153, no. 2, pp. 252–262, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- S. Bátkai, P. Pacher, D. Osei-Hyiaman, et al., “Endocannabinoids acting at cannabinoid-1 receptors regulate cardiovascular function in hypertension,” Circulation, vol. 110, no. 14, pp. 1996–2002, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- R. Sarzani, “Endocannabinoids, blood pressure and the human heart,” Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol. 20, pp. 58–62, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- F. Mach and S. Steffens, “The role of the endocannabinoid system in atherosclerosis,” Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol. 20, pp. 53–57, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed