Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists: Do They Increase Cardiovascular Risk?

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left"></td><td align="left">Vessel wall</td><td align="left">Liver</td><td align="left">Adipose</td><td align="center">Muscle</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">PPAR<svg height="7.9499998" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.7749996 7.9499998" width="9.7749996" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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q-14 98 -31 149.5t-50 51.5q-49 0 -94 -70t-45 -164q0 -55 15.5 -86t40.5 -31q70 0 164 150z" id="x1D6FC"></path></g>
</svg></td><td align="left"><svg height="15.2875" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-2.7573pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4125 15.2875" width="13.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.788)"><path d="M451 -27q-129 -105 -199 -175q-70 70 -199 175l16 21l154 -95v791h58v-791l154 95z" id="x2193"></path></g>
</svg>  Inflammation Reverses cholesterol transport</td><td align="left"><i>↓</i> Triglyceride<svg height="15.2875" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-2.457pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4125 15.2875" width="13.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M451 537l-16 -21l-154 95v-791h-58v791l-154 -95l-16 21q129 105 199 175q70 -70 199 -175z" id="x2191"></path></g>
</svg> HDL; <i>↓</i> Small dense LDL</td><td align="left">↑ Adipogenesis</td><td align="center">↑ FFA oxidation</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">PPAR<svg height="12.175" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6374998 12.175" width="8.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M478 372q0 -39 -31 -97t-61 -98t-78 -98q-45 -55 -73 -102q-13 -79 -13 -197q-11 -11 -43.5 -25.5t-53.5 -15.5l-15 17q5 35 26 101.5t47 123.5q8 72 -1.5 174.5t-37.5 178.5q-14 37 -29 37q-20 0 -67 -65l-25 21q37 60 73 90.5t63 30.5q47 0 72 -112q13 -56 17.5 -141.5
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</svg></td><td align="left"><i>↓</i>  Inflammation Reverses cholesterol transport</td><td align="left">↑ fatty acid storage</td><td align="left">↑ Adiponectin↑ Fatty acid storage</td><td align="center">↑ Glucose uptake</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Effects of PPAR<i>α</i> and PPAR<svg height="12.175" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6374998 12.175" width="8.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M478 372q0 -39 -31 -97t-61 -98t-78 -98q-45 -55 -73 -102q-13 -79 -13 -197q-11 -11 -43.5 -25.5t-53.5 -15.5l-15 17q5 35 26 101.5t47 123.5q8 72 -1.5 174.5t-37.5 178.5q-14 37 -29 37q-20 0 -67 -65l-25 21q37 60 73 90.5t63 30.5q47 0 72 -112q13 -56 17.5 -141.5
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</svg> on vessel wall, liver, adipose and muscle tissues    [<a href="/journals/ppar/2009/460764/#B6">6</a>–<a href="/journals/ppar/2009/460764/#B8">8</a>].

PPAR Research

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists: Do They Increase Cardiovascular Risk? 