PPAR/RXR Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Fatty Acid 𝜔-Hydroxylase (CYP4) Isozymes: Implications for Prevention of Lipotoxicity in Fatty Liver Disease

Table 1

Nomenclature and properties of fatty acid transport proteins.

Gene id	Nomenclature	Tissue	Regulation	Substrate, ligand, or binding protein	Subcellular location	Function
SLC27A1	FATP1-ACSVL4	Heart, adipose, muscle, brain	PPAR𝛾	C16:0, C18:1, C24:0	Mitochondria	𝛽-oxidation
					Plasma	TAG synthesis
					membrane
SLC27A2	FATP2-ACSVL1	Liver, kidney	PPAR𝛼, PPAR𝛾	C16:0, C24:0	Endoplasmic	TAG synthesis
				Phytanic acid,	reticulum	𝛽-oxidation
				pristanic acid,	Peroxisome
SLC27A3	FATP3-ACSVL3	Kidney, ovary, lung, brain, adrenal, testis		C16 :0, C18:1, C24:0	Cytosolic vesicles	unknown
SLC27A4	FATP4-ACSVL5	Liver, kidney, heart, adipose, skin, muscle, small intestine	PPAR𝛾, SREBP1c	C16:0, C24:0	Endoplasmic	TAG synthesis
					reticulum	𝛽-oxidation
					Peroxisome
SLC27A5	FATP5-ACSVL6	Liver		Cholate, THCA	Endoplasmic	Bile acid conjugation
				Chenodeoxycholate	reticulum	Bile acid synthesis
				Lithocholate, C24:0	Peroxisome
				Deoxycholate
SLC27A6	FATP6-ACSVL2	Heart, placenta		C18:1, C20:4, C24:0	Plasma membrane	unknown
FABP1	L-FABP	Liver, Intestine	PPAR𝛼, HNF4𝛼	Acyl-CoA, PPAR𝛼,𝛾	Cytosol, nucleus
FABP2	I-FABP	Intestine		Acyl-CoA	Cytosol	TAG synthesis
FABP3	H-FABP	Heart, kidney	c/EBP𝛼, SREBP1	Acyl-CoA, PPAR𝛼	Cytosol	𝛽-oxidation
		muscle, thymus	AP-1
FABP4	A-FABP	Heart, adipose,	cJun, PPAR𝛾	Acyl-CoA, PPAR𝛾	Cytosol	Chylomicron
		Epidermis, nerve				assembly
FABP5	E-FABP	Eye, adipose, testis	PPAR𝛿	Acyl-CoA, PPAR𝛿	Cytosol	lipogenesis
FABP6	Il-FABP	Ileum		Acyl-CoA, FXR𝛼	Cytosol
FABP7	B-FABP	Liver, brain	POU	Acyl-CoA
FABP8	N-FABP	Myelin		Acyl-CoA	Cytosol	Vesicle assembly
FABP9	T-FABP	Testis		Acyl-CoA	Cytosol
FABP12	R-FABP	Retina,testis		Acyl-CoA	Cytosol
ACBP	L-ACBP	Liver, multiple tissues	PPAR𝛼, c/EBP𝛼	C14:0–C22:0 acyl-CoA esters, HNF4𝛼	Cytosol	Glycerolipid, cholesterol synthesis
			SREBP1c, Sp1
			PPAR𝛾
ACBP	T-ACBP	Testis, adrenal		C14:0–C22:0 acyl-CoA esters	Cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum
ACBP	B-ACBP	Brain		C14:0–C22:0 acyl-CoA esters	Cytosol

Characteristics of fatty acid transport protein (FATP-ACSVL), fatty acid binding protein (FABP), and acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). This table summarizes tissue specific expression, regulation by transcription factors, substrate, ligand binding, and interaction with nuclear receptors and putative function in the metabolism of fatty binding proteins.