Research Article

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Alpha, Beta, and Gamma mRNA and Protein Expression in Human Fetal Tissues

Table 1

Relative RNA1 expression for each subtype (listed from highest to lowest mean expression), characteristics2 of RNA and protein expression across age, and fetal mRNA expression relative to adult.

RNA abundance: high to lowRNA change with ageFetal versus adult mRNAProtein change with age

PPARα

IntestineNSNSIncrease
LiverIncreaseNSNS
LungNSNSDecrease
HeartNSLowerNS
KidneyNSLowerDecrease
AdrenalNSNSDecrease
ThymusNSNSNS
StomachNSLowerNS
SpleenNSLowerNS
PPARβ

IntestineDecreaseNSNS
AdrenalNSNSDecrease
LungNSNSNS
KidneyNSLowerNS
ThymusNSHigherNS
LiverIncreaseNSNS
HeartDecreaseLowerNS
SpleenNSLowerNS
StomachNSLowerNS
PPARγ

ThymusNSNSNS
IntestineNSNSNS
SpleenNSNSNS
LiverNSHigherNS
KidneyNSNSDecrease
LungNSLowerNS
StomachNSLowerNS
HeartNSLowerNS
AdrenalDecreaseLowerNS

1Relative RNA expression based on mean Ct for all samples across all ages for each tissue, listed from highest to lowest mean expression for each subtype. 2Change in RNA and protein expression with age shown as increased, decreased, or not significant (NS) and fetal mRNA expression compared to adult expression shown as higher, lower, or not significantly (NS) different from adult.