Homocysteine and Hypertension in Diabetes: Does PPARγ Have a Regulatory Role?

Figure 5

Schematic of PPAR $\gamma$ -mediated reduction in inflammatory reaction and hypertension in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes causes increase in homocysteine level and subsequent inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production in the body through the inhibition of cystathionine $\gamma$-lyase (CSE), an enzyme required for homocysteine metabolism. This leads to oxidative stress and causes hypertension. Homocysteine and diabetes induce chronic inflammation, which lead to atherosclerosis and hypertension. PPAR$\gamma$ induction clears tissue homocysteine, in addition to regulating hyperglycemia, thereby reduces oxidative stress and hypertension.