Review Article

Therapeutic Implications of PPAR in Human Osteosarcoma

Figure 1

Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation pathways in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are pluripotent progenitor cells that are able to differentiate into several lineages, including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, upon the stimulation with distinct growth and differentiation cues. The lineage-specific differentiation is a multiple-stage and well-coordinated process regulated by master regulators, such as PPARγ and C/EBPβ for adipogenesis and Runx2 and Osterix for osteogenesis. Osteogenic differentiation can be staged by measuring alkaline phosphatase (early marker) and osteocalcin and osteopontin (late markers). Expression of FABPs and production of lipids are indicators of terminal adipogenic differentiation.
956427.fig.001