PPAR Research

Review Article

PPARγ in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Table 1

Anti-inflammatory properties of PPARγ agonists in experimental models.


Model	PPARγ modulator	Effect	Authors

Acute colitis

DSS	Troglitazone	Colonic inflammation	Su et al. 1999 [21]
	Troglitazone	Cytokine gene expression
	Rosiglitazone	Reduced inflammation	Saubermann et al. 2002 [22]
	Rosiglitazone	More severe colitis	Ramakers et al. 2007 [23]
	Pioglitazone	Prevention colitis	Takagi et al. 2002 [24]
		Recovery from colitis	Hontecillas et al. 2011 [25]
		Reduced CXCL10 level	Schaefer et al. 2005 [26]
	PUFA	Accelerated remission
	CLA	Delayed onset of colitis	Bassaganya-Riera 2006 [27]
	CLA + VSL#3	Improvement of colitis	Bassaganya-Riera et al. 2012 [28]
	α-Eleostearic acid	Improvement of colitis	Lewis et al. 2011 [29]

TNBS	Troglitazone	Reduced inflammation	Desreumaux et al. 2001 [30]
	Rosiglitazone	Reduced inflammation
		Reduced inflammation	Sànchez-Hidalgo et al. 2007 [31]
	Pioglitazone	Reduced CXCL10 level	Schaefer et al. 2005 [26]
	FMOC-L-leu	Reduced inflammation	Rocchi et al. 2001 [32]
	5-ASA	Reduced inflammation	Rousseaux et al. 2005 [33]
	5-ASA in PPARγ+/−	No efficacy of 5-ASA

Acetic acid ischaemia	THSG	Attenuated colon lesions	Zeng et al. 2011 [34]
	Rosiglitazone	Protection	Nakaijma et al. 2001 [35]
	15-d-PGJ2	Reduced injury	Cuzzocrea et al. 2003 [36]
	NS-398	Protection	Sato et al. 2005 [37]
	Glutamine	Protection	Sato et al. 2006 [38]

Bacterial	CLA	Attenuated inflammation	Hontecillas et al. 2002 [39]

Chronic colitis

DSS	Triglitazone	Cell proliferation	Tanaka et al. 2001 [40]
TNBS	Rosiglitazone	Protection	Sànchez-Hidalgoet al. 2005 [41]
CD4-CD45RBhi	CLA	Reduced inflammation	Bassaganya-Riera et al. 2004 [42]
IL-10 KO	Rosiglitazone	Slow onset colitis	Lytle et al. 2005 [43]
SAMP1/Yirfc	Rosiglitazone	Decreased severity	Sugawara et al. 2005 [44]

Genetic models

PPARγ +/−			Desreumaux et al. 2001 [30]
	Ischaemia	More severe damage	Nakaijma et al. 2011 [35]
			Saubermann et al. 2002 [22]

	DSS + PUA	Loss protective effect PUA	Hontecillas et al. 2011 [25]

AdPPARγ			Katayama et al. 2003 [39]

SAMP1/yifc			Sugawara et al. 2005 [44]

PPARγCre+			Bassaganya-Riera et al. 2004 [42]

PPARγ M	DSS	Increased susceptibility	Shah et al. 2007 [45]

PPARγfifi	DSS	Accelerated colitis	Guri et al. 2010 [46]

		Worsen colonic lesions	Mohapatra et al. 2010 [47]

5-ASA: 5-aminosalycilic acid; 15dPGJ2: 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2; CLA: conjugated linoleic acid; PUFA: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; DSS: dextransodiumsulphate; FMOC-L-leu: fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine; IL-10 KO: interleukin 10 knockout mice; PPARγCre: PPARγ conditional knockout mice; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; PUA: punicic acid; THSG: 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside.