PPARγ in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Table 2

Nutrients with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects mediated through PPARγ.

Nutrient	Dietary source	Models	Authors
α-linoleic acid	Green vegetables, flax	Intestinal epithelial cells	Marion-Letellier 2008 [54]
Docosahexaenoic	Fish	Intestinal epithelial cells	Marion-Letellier 2008 [54]
Eicosapentaenoic ac.
Conjugated linoleic acid	Beef, bovine milk	Intestinal epithelial cells DSS colitis	Allred et al. 2008 [55]
Glutamine	Beef, chicken, fish	Ischaemia reperfusion	Sato et al. 2006 [38]
Curcumin	Tumeric powder	TNBS colitis	Salh et al. 2003, Deguchi et al. 2007 [56]/[57]
Capsaicin	Cayenne pepper	Intestinal epithelial cells	Kim et al. 2004 [58]
Ginsenoids	Ginseng	Adypocites	Han et al. 2006, Hwang et al. 2007 [59]/[60]
Resveratrol	Grapes, wine, peanuts	Intestinal epithelial cells	Morikawa et al. 2007 [61]
Butyrate	Unabsorbed carbohydrate	Intestinal epithelial cells	Schwab et al. 2007 [62]
Vitamin E	Nuts, seeds, oils	Colon cancer cell lines	Campbell et al. 2003 [63]
Selenium	Plant foods	Macrophages	Vunta et al. 2007 [64]