Table 2: Main experimental data linking PPARγ to NRF2, Wnt/β-catenin, and FOXO pathways.

Interaction Gene Target Effect Tissue or cell type Type of evidence References NRF2-PPARγ NRF2 PPARγ ↑ expression Liver, lung In vitro In vivo [79–81] PPARγ NRF2 ↑ expression Lung, hepatocytes, macrophages, vascular tissue In vitro In vivo [73, 77, 80, 82] Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ Wnt/β-catenin PPARγ ↓expression Pre-adipocytes, adipocytes, skeleton, hepatic stellate cells, neurons, cancer cells In vitro In vivo [6, 90, 117–121] PPARγ Wnt/β-catenin ↓transcriptional activity ↑ proteasomal degradation ↑ cytoplasmic localization Colon, small intestine, colon cancer cells, hepatocytes, myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells In vitro In vivo [122–128] FOXO-PPARγ FOXO PPARγ ↓ expression ↓ activity Adipocytes In vitro In vivo [129–132] PPARγ FOXO ↓ activity Adipocytes In vitro [129]

↑ = increasing; ↓ = decreasing.