|
Ligand | Binding affinity | Type of assay | Reference |
|
Linoleic acid | Ki > 1 μM
| Competitive radio-labeled binding assay | [22] |
Nitrolinoleic acid | Ki = 133 nM
| |
9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) | | |
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) | | |
|
9/10-NO2-linoleic acid |
IC50 = 0.6 μM
| Scintillation proximity | [23] |
12-NO2-linoleic acid |
IC50 = 0.41 μM
| Competitive binding assay | |
13-NO2-linoleic acid |
IC50 = 0.44 μM
| |
|
Azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine (in oxidized LDL) |
40 nm
| Radiolabeled binding assay | [24] |
|
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
EC50 > 10 μm
| Dual luciferase reporter system | [25] |
4-Hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (4-HDHA) |
EC50 = 3.7 μm
| |
4-Oxodocosahexaenoic acid (4-oxo-DHA) |
EC50 = 0.4 μM
| |
|
Conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) |
IC50 = 3.2–7.4 μM | Competitive scintillation proximity assays | [26] |
|
Isoflavones: | | | |
Genistein | Ki = 5.7 μM
| Membrane-bound competitive PPAR binding assay | [27] |
Daidzein |
20 μM
| Luciferase reporter assay in 3T3-L1 cells | [28] |
EC50 = 73 μM
| Luciferase reporter assay in HeLa cells | [29] |
Equol |
20 μM
| Luciferase reporter assay in 3T3-L1 cells | [28] |
Biochanin A |
EC50 = 3.7 μm
| Luciferase reporter assay in HeLa cells | [29] |
EC50 < 1 μM
| Luciferase reporter assay in HepG2 cells | [29] |
|
Flavonoids: | | | |
Psi-baptigenin |
EC50 = 2.9 μM
| Transcriptional factor activity assay in ThP-1 cells | [30] |
Hesperidin |
EC50 = 6.6 μM
| |
|
Quercetin (from dill, bay leaves, and oregano) |
EC50 = 2.8 μM
| Ligand screening assay | [31] |
|
2′-Hydroxy chalcone (cinnamon in polymeric form) |
EC50 = 3.8 μM
| Ligand screening assay | [31] |
|
Rosmarinic acid (marjoram) |
EC50 = 16 μM
| Ligand screening assay | [31] |
|