The PPARα/γ Agonist, Tesaglitazar, Improves Insulin Mediated Switching of Tissue Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Utilization In Vivo in the Obese Zucker Rat

Table 4

Tissue-specific glucose utilization rates (𝑅^′_𝑔, µmol/100 g/min) in the basal and insulin stimulated states during hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp studies in Lean, Obese, and Tesaglitazar groups of Zucker rats used in Study 2.

	WQ	RG	White fat	Brown fat	Diaphragm	Heart	Cerebellum
Lean
Basal	1.4±0.1	3.7±0.4	1.0±0.1	20.3±6.6	13.5±1.8	38.5±3.9	15.1±1.1
ClampL	4.9±0.5	13.2±1.9	2.0±0.2	108±40	45.9±4.1	114.8±8.3	16.9±0.9
ClampH	13.3±1.6	28.8±2.9	2.4±0.4	115±12	67.1±5.5	80.7±8.5	16.5±0.7
Obese
Basal	3.0±0.3^∗∗	7.4±1.0^∗∗	2.9±0.3^∗∗	5.8±0.5^∗∗	15.7±1.8	18.6±1.8^∗∗∗	17.2±1.4
ClampL	3.0±0.2^∗∗	8.2±1.3	4.0±0.4^∗∗	10.7±1.3^∗∗	23.9±3.4^∗∗	27.5±3.0^∗∗∗	20.1±1.4^∗
ClampH	3.1±0.5^∗∗∗	11.7±3.1^∗∗∗	3.8±0.2	11.7±2.2^∗∗∗	24.1±5.3^∗∗∗	56.0±15	20.2±0.9^∗∗
Tesaglitazar
Basal	2.4±0.2	3.8±0.3^†††	4.3±0.4^††	3.6±0.2	14.3±2.6	18.0±2.4	14.5±1.2
ClampL	3.4±0.3	7.2±0.6	7.2±0.6^†††	13.8±3.8	51.9±4.0^†††	73.9±6.3^†††	16.7±0.6^†
ClampM	9.3±1.0^‡‡‡	41.4±4.6^‡‡‡	5.8±0.7^‡	25.3±3.6^‡‡	79.8±4.9^‡‡‡	62.5±1.6^‡‡‡	18.5±1.3
ClampH	6.9±0.9^†	27.6±3.3^†††	6.9±0.9^††	31.0±4.3	65.6±3.7^†††	64.7±3.6	17.4±0.7^†

Results are expressed as mean ± SE (𝑛 = 5–7). WQ, white quadriceps muscle. RG, red gastrocnemius muscle. White fat represents the epididymal fat pad. Brown fat represents interscapular brown adipose depot. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus corresponding state of Lean. ^†𝑃<0.05, ^††𝑃<0.01, and ^†††𝑃<0.001 versus corresponding state of Obese. ^‡𝑃<0.05, ^‡‡𝑃<0.01, and ^‡‡‡𝑃<0.001 versus ClampL Obese group.