Review Article

Review of the Structural and Dynamic Mechanisms of PPARγ Partial Agonism

Table 1

Selected genes under transcriptional control of PPAR.

Gene setGene productFunction

Regulated by PPAR phosphorylationCyp2f2Cytochrome P-450
RarreS2Retinoic acid responder 2 (adipokine)
Selenbp1Selenium binding protein 1
Car3Carbonic anhydrase 3
Peg10Retrotransposon-derived protein PEG10 (cell proliferation/apoptosis)
CidecCell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c (lipid droplet formation and apoptosis in adipocytes)
Cd24aHeat stable antigen 24 (glycoprotein expressed on B cells/granulocytes)
AcylAcyl carrier protein
Nr1d2Rev-erb (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2)
Ddx17DEAD box helicase 17
Aplp2Amyloid-like protein 2 (glucose/insulin homeostasis)
Nr3c1Glucocorticoid receptor
RybpRING1 and YY1-binding protein (transcriptional regulation)
TxnipThioredoxin-interacting protein
Nr1d1Rev-erb (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1)
AdiponectinAdipokine
AdipsinAdipokine

Regulated by PPAR agonistsaP2Adipocyte protein 2 (fatty acid carrier protein)
LplLipoprotein lipase
CycsCytochrome c
PpcsPhosphopantothenate cysteine ligase (coenzyme A biosynthesis)
Fdx1Adrenal ferredoxin
Fgfrl1Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1
Idh3aIsocitrate dehydrogenase
Abhd1Abhydrolase
NadkNAD+ kinase
Arhgap5Rho GTPase activating protein 5
Pdk4Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4
Las1lRibosomal biogenesis protein
Cib2Calcium and integrin binding family member
Fmr1Fragile X mental retardation 1
Pim3Serine/threonine-protein kinase (it inhibits ERK1/2)
Hsdl2Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 2 (short chain dehydrogenase family)
Phospho1Phosphatase expressed in bone and cartilage
Plin1Perilipin 1 (lipolysis regulation)
Plin2Adipose differentiation-related protein (lipolysis regulation)
Lass4Ceramide synthesis
C/EBPLeucine zipper family transcription factor
Glut4Insulin-dependent glucose transporter
PPARPPAR regulates its own expression
FasnFatty acid synthase
CD36Fatty acid translocase
Fatp-1Insulin sensitive fatty acid transporter
Fatp-4Fatty acid transport protein/very long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
PepckPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
GkGlycerol kinase