The Correlation of PPARα Activity and Cardiomyocyte Metabolism and Structure in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy during Heart Failure Progression

Figure 3

Cardiomyocyte ultrastructural remodeling during heart failure progression. Representative images for (a) control heart. Cardiomyocytes with normal ultrastructure and oval mitochondria arranged in rows. (b) Heart Group (I) (LVEF 53–45%). Cardiomyocyte with increased number of various size mitochondria arranged in clusters, partially missing contractile apparatus, incidence of dilated T-tubule. (c) Heart Group (II) (LVEF 41–30%). Cardiomyocyte with missing contractile apparatus and contraction bands (black arrowheads), numerous polymorphic mitochondria, lipid droplets between mitochondria (white arrows), and (d) Heart Group (III) (LVEF < 30%). Cardiomyocyte with severe loss of contractile fibrils and contraction band (black arrowhead), scattered mitochondria, and lipofuscin granules (L). (e) Impaired mitochondria (M) in hearts with LVER < 30%; results of morphometric analyses. (f) Glycogen storage. (g) Mitochondria size. (h) Mitochondria volume density. Results as mean ± SEM; versus control; ^# versus Group (I); versus Group (II).

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