15-Deoxy-∆-^12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an Endogenous Ligand of PPAR-: Function and Mechanism

Table 1

Anti-tumour activity of 15d-PGJ2.

Tumour type	Mechanism	Cell type	Dosage	References
Lung caner	Apoptosis	H841, A549, PC14	1–40 μM	[17]
Colon caner	Apoptosis	HT-29	0–100 μM	[18]
Colon caner	Apoptosis	Caco-2	10–45 μM	[19]
Gastric cancer	Apoptosis,; Cell cycle(G1)	MKN-7, MKN-28,; MKN-45, AGS	0.1–10 μM	[20]
Oral squamous cell Cancer	Apoptosis,; Cell cycle(G2/M)	SCCa	10 μM, 20 μM	[21]
Lung caner	Drug combination	A549, H460,; female athymic nu/nu mice	0–40 μM; 1 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal	[24]
Colon caner	Apoptosis	HT-29, Caco-2	10 μM	[23]
Leukemic	Apoptosis	HL-60, K562,; SNU-C4	0-20 μM	[22]
Gastric cancer	Inhibition of Ang-1	MKN45, HUVEC	0–10 μM	[25]
Renal caner	Apoptosis, Inhibition of VEGF	SMKT-R-1, R-2,; R-3, and R-4,	0–50 μM	[26]
Lymphoma	Inhibition of COX-2	U937, BAEC	0–10 μM	[27]
Oesophageal cancer	Apoptosis,; Cell Cycle(G1)	TE-7	0–10 μM	[29]
Endometrial cancer	Apoptosis,; Cell Cycle(G2/M)	HHUA, HEC-59	0–20 μM	[30]
Breast caner	Apoptosis,; Cell Cycle(G2/M)	MCF-7	0–10 μM	[31]
Breast cancer	Invasion	MDA-MB-231	5 μM	[32]
Pancreatic cancer	Invasion	AsPC-1, SUIT-2; BxPC-3, MIA; PaCa-2, Panc-1	0–25 μM	[33, 34]
Colon caner	Cell Cycle(G1),; Invasion	SW480, LS174T	0–40 μM	[35]
Colon caner	Invasion	HT-29	0–30 μM	[10]
Brain tumour	Inhibition of stem cells	U87MG, T98G	0–10 μM	[37]