Research into the use of phytochemicals and plant-derived natural products in contemporary drug development covers a broad spectrum of activities. The novel drugs derived from active phytochemicals could be used as effective chemotherapeutic agents or adjuvants to increase the efficacy achievable with standard treatments. On the other hand, delineation of the mechanism of action of phychemicals can provide considerable impetus to their continued development. It is crucial to identify precise molecular markers and targeted therapeutics to maximize drug efficacy and safety. In recent years, increasing number of phytochemicals and natural products have been found to be ligands or modulators of various PPARs and RXRs; among these, many were reported to improve hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, to be able to alter the cell cycle and affect apoptosis, and even to control cancer growth. It will be of great interest to identify these phytochemical modulators of PPARs and RXRs and to explore their biological activities as well as possible clinical applications.

We invite the authors to present original research articles or reviews that address any aspect of phytochemicals or herbal constituents that act as modulators of PPARs and RXRs. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

• Fatty acids and eicosanoids as natural ligands of PPARs and RXRs
• Roles of phytochemical PPAR and RXR ligands that modulate the cell cycle and apoptosis
• Molecular aspects and specificity of phytochemical PPAR and RXR ligands
• Interaction and coactivator relationship between synthetic and phytochemical PPAR and RXR ligands
• Drug screening on phytochemical PPAR and RXR ligands
• Clinical implications of phytochemical PPAR and RXR ligands in the control of human diseases

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ppar/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: