Study Country Gestational age Postnatal age Acute pain procedure Cardiovascular measure Study design Quality score
Abad et al. [34 ] 15 Spain 37–42 <4 days Venipuncture Mean HR CS; randomized trial 17
Altun-Köroğlu et al. [35 ] 25 Turkey 37–41 4–8 days Heel stick Maximum HR CS; double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 13
Bilgen et al. [36 ] 34 Turkey 37–42 1–9 days Heel stick HR change (%) CS; randomized trial 14
Bucher et al. [37 ] 20 Switzerland 37–41 4 days Heel stick HR change (bpm) CS; randomized trial 14 Campos [38 ] 20 United States 37–42 2 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; randomized trial 15
Cong et al. [40 ] 28 United States 28–32 <14 days Heel stick HR increase, HRV CS; randomized cross-over trial 17
Cong et al. [39 ] 14 United States 30–32 <9 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; randomized cross-over trial 17
Craig et al. [24 ] 56 Canada 25–27, 28–30, 31–33, 34–36, and 37–42 <8 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; observational 17
de Jesus et al. [41 ] 41 Brazil 37–41 <2 days Heel stick HRV CS; observational 15
de Oliveira et al. [42 ] 36 Brazil 37–41 <2 days Heel stick Maximum HR, HRV CS; observational 14
Gormally et al. [43 ] 21 Canada 37–42 2 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; randomized controlled trial 15
Goubet et al. [44 ] 14 United States 28–32 4 days, 21 days Heel stick HR change C; observational 13
Gray et al. [45 ] 15 United States 37–42 <3 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; randomized controlled trial 17 Greenberg [46 ] 21 United States 37–42 <1 day Heel stick Mean HRV CS; randomized trial 13
Grunau et al. [25 ] 138 Canada ≤28, 29–32, and 38–41 4 months Immunization Mean HR C; observational 16
Haouari et al. [47 ] 15 England 37–42 <6 days Heel stick HR change (%) CS; double-blind, placebo controlled trial 15
Jatana et al. [48 ] 25 India 37–42 <7 days Heel stick HR change (bpm) CS; randomized trial 10
Johnston et al. [49 ] 20 Canada 32–35 <10 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; randomized cross-over trial 15
Johnston et al. [50 ] 89 Canada 27, 32 4 days, 5 weeks Heel stick Mean HR CS; observational 15
Kostandy et al. [51 ] 19 United States 37–42 1 day Hepatitis B vaccination Mean HR CS; randomized controlled trial 17
Leite et al. [52 ] 29 Brazil 37–42 <7 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; randomized clinical trial 17
Lindh et al. [55 ] 25 Sweden 37–42 4-5 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; observational 11
Lindh et al. [54 ] 28 Sweden 37–42 3 days Venipuncture Mean HR, HRV CS; randomized, double-blind trial 15
Lindh et al. [53 ] 45 Sweden 37–42 3 months DPT vaccination Mean HR, HRV CS; randomized, double-blind, controlled trial 14
Lucas-Thompson et al. [56 ] 49 United States 28–31, 32–34 3–5 days, 3–5 weeks Heel stick Mean HR C; observational 17
Oberlander et al. [57 ] 23 Canada 37–42 2-3 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; observational 13
Oberlander et al. [58 ] 22 Canada 37–42 2 months Heel stick Mean HR, HRV C; observational 13
Oberlander et al. [59 ] 12 Canada 24–28 27–54 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; observational 11
Ors et al. [60 ] 34 Turkey 37–42 <9 days Heel stick HR change (%) CS; randomized trial 15
Owens and Todt [61 ] 20 United States 37–42 2 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; observational 12
Sajedi et al. [62 ] 32 Iran 37–42 <1 day Intramuscular injection Mean HR CS; randomized trial 13
Shibata et al. [63 ] 47 Japan 37–42 3-4 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; observational 14
Singh et al. [27 ] 150 India 32–34, 35–37, and 37–42 <7 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; observational 8
Stevens et al. [65 ] 40 Canada 32–34 <5 days Heel stick Mean HR CS; descriptive 15
Stevens and Johnston [64 ] 124 Canada 32–34 ≤5 days Heel stick Mean HR, maximum HR, and HRV CS; observational 17
Taksande et al. [66 ] 80 India 37–42 <7 days Venipuncture Mean HR CS; observational 11
Upadhyay et al. [67 ] 41 India 37–42 <15 days Venipuncture Mean HR CS; randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial 16
Uyan et al. [68 ] 21 Turkey 37–42 <11 days Heel stick HR change (%), maximum HR CS; randomized controlled trial 14
Walden et al. [69 ] 11 United States 24–26 weeks 21 days Heel stick Mean HR, maximum HR C; quasiexperimental, repeated measures 18
Weissman et al. [70 ] 29 Israel 37–42 2-3 days Heel stick HR increase (bpm), HRV CS; randomized trial 11
Weissman et al. [71 ] 24 Israel 37–42 4–6 days Heel stick Mean HR, HRV CS; randomized controlled trial 10
