Phantom Limb Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches

Table 2

Proposed theoretical mechanisms to explain phantom limb pain.

(1) Pheripheral mechanism
Stump and neuroma hyperactivity
(2) Central neural mechanisms
Spinal cord sensitization and changes
Cortical reorganization and cortical-motor sensory dissociation
Body schema, neuromatrix and neurosignature hypothesis
(3) Psychogenic mechanism