Primary cells/tissue: Adrenal-rat [49, 57, 58, 219, 245–249] Bovine [35, 59, 247, 250–254] Encapsulated bovine [247, 255–258] bovine scaffolds [259] Porcine [253, 254, 260–262] Encapsulated porcine [262] Human [62, 67, 71, 263, 264] Human encapsulated [67] | Acute [247] Midbrain [38] Formalin [54, 58, 247, 249, 253, 260, 261] Nerve injury [46, 57, 67, 256, 262] Dorsal rhizotomy [246] Excitotoxic SCI [219, 255, 265] Hemisection SCI [245] Human Cancer [64, 71, 266, 267] Arthritis [56, 65, 268] | (i) Reduced “excessive grooming” behaviors [219] (ii) Reduction or stabilization in complementary opioid intake in human cancer [71] (iii) Reductions in both fore- and hindlimb mechanical and thermal allodynia [245] (iv) Failed antinociception after intraventricular transplant [256] (v) Reduces edema, anterograde axoplasmic transport [249] (vi) Restores spinal GABA-ir decreased spinal c-Fos [58, 253] (vii) Failed antinociception [247, 247, 269–271] (viii) Reduced cold or TA/TH behaviors [67, 219, 262] (ix) Reduced tonic pain behaviors [261] (x) Delayed, reduced self-directed pain behaviors [246] (xi) Antinociceptive effects on A-delta and C-fiber-mediated responses [59] (xiii) Long-term proenk and tyrosine hydroxlylase in grafts [248] (xiv) Reduce forelimb/hindlimb allodynia [245] |