Smiling in Pain: Explorations of Its Social Motives
Figure 3
Degree of smiling (AU 12) (mean values (+SD) while undergoing non-painful and painful heat stimulation (study 2)). Values are given separately for the three situations (being alone (no sociality), being with the partner (high sociality/intimate other), and being with the experimenter (high sociality/formal other)). (Moderate and strong effect sizes are marked in bold. Effect sizes for the differences in stimulus intensities are given in gray, whereas differences between situations are given in black.)
