Validation and Clinical Application of a Biopsychosocial Model of Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Patients with a Pediatric Chronic Pain Condition Referred to a Subspecialty Clinic

Table 1

Measurement instruments completed by study patients and their parents.

Measurement instrument	Respondent	Value* (𝑁=99)
Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ)	Patient self-reported	51.8 (30.9)
Functional Disability Inventory (FDI)	Patient self-reported	23.0 (13.1)
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS-2)	Patient self-reported	15.6 (9.5)
Children’s Depression Inventory Form (CDI)	Patient self-reported	12.5 (8.5)
Patient Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ)	Patient self-reported
PCQ Approach Subscale		2.7 (0.7)
PCQ Problem-Focused Avoidance Scale (PFA) Subscale		2.7 (0.7)
PCQ Emotion-Focused Avoidance (EFA) Subscale		2.3 (0.8)
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Intensity Subscale	Parent self-reported	3.2 (2.8)
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Interference Subscale	Parent self-reported	3.2 (2.8)
Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale (AMAS)	Parent self-reported	12.9 (7.6)
Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II)	Parent self-reported	11.8 (9.9)
Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI)	Parent self-reported	50.6 (33.3)

∗Mean (SD).