Validation and Clinical Application of a Biopsychosocial Model of Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Patients with a Pediatric Chronic Pain Condition Referred to a Subspecialty Clinic

Table 2

Correlation coefficients between the study variables mapped into the Biobehavioral Model of Pediatric Pain [12].

Spearman 𝑟  and  𝑃 value	BDI-II Total Score	BPI Pain Intensity Score	BPI Pain Interference Score	CDI Total Score	PCQ Patient Approach Score	PCQ Patient PFA Score	PCQ Patient EFA Score	PSI Total Score	RCMAS-2 Total Score	PPQ Patient Score	FDI Patient Score
AMAS Total Score	0.78; <0.001	0.30; 0.002	0.32; 0.001	0.17; 0.10	0.079; 0.44	−0.051; 0.62	0.17; 0.085	0.51; <0.001	0.23; 0.023	0.052; 0.61	0.23; 0.025
BDI-II Total Score	—	0.43; <0.001	0.40; <0.001	0.33; 0.001	0.014; 0.90	−0.083; 0.42	0.27; 0.008	0.55; <0.001	0.42; <0.001	0.09; 0.38	0.29; 0.004
BPI Pain Intensity Score	—	—	0.65; <0.001	0.24; 0.018	−0.012; 0.90	−0.11; 0.28	0.29; 0.004	0.24; 0.019	0.35; <0.001	0.26; 0.010	0.30; 0.003
BPI Pain Interference Score	—	—	—	0.28; 0.004	0.003; 0.98	−0.11; 0.29	0.28; 0.005	0.27; 0.007	0.34; 0.001	0.27; 0.007	0.37; <0.001
CDI Total Score	—	—	—	—	−0.039; 0.70	−0.25; 0.013	0.47; <0.001	0.25; 0.012	0.64; <0.001	0.30; 0.002	0.41; <0.001
PCQ Patient Approach Score	—	—	—	—	—	0.50; <0.001	0.14; 0.18	−0.026; 0.80	0.043; 0.67	0.27; 0.008	0.31; 0.002
PCQ Patient PFA Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	−0.19; 0.056	−0.085; 0.41	−0.23; 0.023	−0.039; 0.70	−0.13; 0.20
PCQ Patient EFA Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.19; 0.060	0.42; <0.001	0.27; 0.006	0.35; <0.001
PSI Total Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.29; 0.003	0.071; 0.48	0.21; 0.033
RCMAS-2 Total Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.31; 0.002	0.39; <0.001
PPQ Patient Score	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.45; <0.001

Child/adolescent measurement instruments:
Patient pain intensity: Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ).
Patient functional disability: Functional Disability Inventory (FDI).
Patient anxiety: Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale-Second Edition (RCMAS-2).
Patient depression: Children’s Depression Inventory Form (CDI).
Patient pain coping: Patient Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ)
 PCQ Approach subscale.
 PCQ Problem-Focused Avoidance Scale (PFA) subscale.
 PCQ Emotion-Focused Avoidance (EFA) Subscale.
Parent measurement instruments:
Parent chronic pain intensity: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Intensity Subscale.
Parent functional disability: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Interference Subscale.
Parent anxiety: Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale (AMAS).
Parent depression: Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II).
Parent stress: Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI).