Clinical Study
The Effect of Intravenous Dexamethasone and Lidocaine on Propofol-Induced Vascular Pain: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial
Table 1
Pain and behavioral responses following propofol administration.
| | | Saline () | Lidocaine () | Dexamethasone () | P | Saline () | Lidocaine () | Dexamethasone () | P |
| | Time (s) | 15 | | 30 | | | Moderate/severe pain n (%) | 18 (56) | 6 (14) | 8 (24) | 0.002 | 22 (60) | 11 (26) | 14 (41) | 0.009 | | Pain intensity (n) | | | | | | | | | | None | 13 | 30 | 22 | 0.03 | 5 | 24 | 15 | 0.01 | | Mild | 6 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 5 | | Moderate | 7 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 10 | | Severe | 11 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 4 | | Facial grimacing n (%) | 0 | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.29 | 5 (14) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.07 | | Hand withdrawal n (%) | 17 (46) | 3 (7) | 5 (15) | <0.005 | 21 (58) | 5 (12) | 10 (29) | <0.005 | | Crying n (%) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.53 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.44 |
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