Hair-Normalized Cortisol Waking Response as a Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity following Acute Trauma: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Pilot Results

<table>Mean neck disability index (NDI) scores at baseline (within 4 weeks of injury) and again at 3-month followup (solid line), plotted against hair-normalized cortisol waking response at the same time points (dashed line). HnCWR has been multiplied 1000 times in order to present both indicators on the same scale. Error bars represent 1 standard error of the mean (SE).</table>

Pain Research and Treatment

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Figure 3: Hair-Normalized Cortisol Waking Response as a Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity following Acute Trauma: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Pilot Results 

Figure 3 | Hair-Normalized Cortisol Waking Response as a Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity following Acute Trauma: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Pilot Results 