Opioid Use in Fibromyalgia Is Associated with Negative Health Related Measures in a Prospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Disease related information at baseline and followup for 131 patients stratified according to opioid use at followup.

	Group 1	Group 1	Group 2	Group 2
	Baseline; 𝑛=43	Followup; 𝑛=43	Baseline; 𝑛=88	Followup 𝑛=88
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Pain
Pain VAS	6.9 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 2.5*	6.1 ± 2.4	5.4 ± 2.9
MPQ	46 ± 15	43 ± 17**	40 ± 15	32 ± 17
Function
PGA	7.1 ± 2.3	6.7 ± 2.7*	6.1 ± 2.4	5.5 ± 2.6
FIQ	72 ± 15	66 ± 20**	63 ± 18	54 ± 22
HAQ	1.23 ± 0.67	1.27 ± 0.71**	1.09 ± 0.65	0.87 ± 0.68
Mood
AIMS anx	6.4 ± 1.7	5.6 ± 2.1	6.0 ± 2.0	5.4 ± 2.0
AIMS dep	5.2 ± 1.4	3.9 ± 2.1	4.9 ± 1.7	3.3 ± 1.8
PCS	30 ± 13	25 ± 14	28 ± 12	22 ± 14

Group 1 FU versus Group 2 FU: *𝑃≤0.05, **𝑃≤0.01.
SD: standard deviation, VAS: Visual Analog Scale, MPQ: McGill Pain Questionnaire, FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire, AIMS: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale.