Clinical Study
Can Fluctuations in Vital Signs Be Used for Pain Assessment in Critically Ill Patients with a Traumatic Brain Injury?
Table 4
Description and post hoc
of vital signs’ mean values across assessment periods and procedures in participants (
) at initial data collection.
| | Vital signs mean (SD) | Assessment periods | Post hoc paired-samples tests with bonferroni correction | | 1 min before (baseline) | During | 15 min postprocedure | Beforeduring | Duringpostprocedure | Postprocedurebefore |
| | For NIBP | | | | | | | | Systolic | 142.75 (22.40) | 143.33 (22.47) | 141.94 (23.83) | — | — | — | | Diastolic | 72.29 (11.83) | 76.52 (10.80) | 72.64 (13.79) | −3.383** | 2.107 | 1.277 | | MAP | 95.84 (13.45) | 98.11 (13.83) | 97.06 (15.20) | — | — | — | | HR | 89.51 (18.92) | 89.73 (19.51) | 90.36 (19.34) | 0.202 | 0.071 | −0.258 | | RR | 21.93 (5.93) | 21.61 (7.00) | 21.50 (5.46) | 0.329 | −1.337 | 0.481 | | SpO2 | 97.97 (2.15) | 96.07 (6.76) | 97.97 (2.05) | 2.032 | −1.961 | 0.166 | | End-tidal CO2 | 35.58 (5.95) | 35.62 (6.96) | 34.67 (6.57) | — | — | — | | | 14.20 (5.28) | 13.71 (5.59) | 13.97 (5.61) | 1.281 | −1.271 | −0.500 |
| | For turning | | | | | | | | Systolic | 143.30 (18.85) | 143.53 (23.76) | 145.23 (25.24) | — | — | — | | Diastolic | 73.24 (11.90) | 76.44 (14.71) | 73.41 (14.21) | −1.925 | 1.967 | 0.123 | | MAP | 98.16 (12.99) | 100.74 (16.33) | 97.73 (16.39) | — | — | — | | HR | 89.08 (17.81) | 91.40 (16.33) | 90.07 (17.72) | −2.132 | 1.670 | 0.693 | | RR | 20.14 (5.31) | 24.73 (7.14) | 21.67 (5.57) | −3.933*** | 3.365** | 1.547 | | SpO2 | 97.83 (2.13) | 97.37 (2.03) | 97.67 (2.36) | 2.032 | −0.928 | −0.552 | | End-tidal CO2 | 34.86 (6.52) | 34.85 (7.96) | 34.56 (5.58) | — | — | — | | | 15.04 (5.71) | 18.78 (9.83) | 13.90 (5.88) | −2.063 | 2.599 | −1.167 |
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Adjusted Bonferroni values: ; ; .
ICP was available in 16 participants during initial data collection.
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