Clinical Study
Can Fluctuations in Vital Signs Be Used for Pain Assessment in Critically Ill Patients with a Traumatic Brain Injury?
Table 6
Mean vital signs’ fluctuations observed during turning procedure in participants who reported the presence or absence of pain.
| | Absence of pain during turning () | Presence of pain during turning () |
| Vital signs mean (SD) | | | Systolic | −3.68 (18.20) | 1.39 (14.61) | Diastolic | 10.64 (13.42) | 4.73 (15.97) | MAP | 7.38 (16.29) | 3.34 (14.23) | HR | −8.37 (12.01) | 7.08 (7.04) | RR | −1.92 (2.45) | 12.64 (8.04) | SpO2 | 0.19 (1.36) | 0.01 (0.46) | End tidal CO2 | 2.07 (0.09) | −0.45 (2.17) | | — | — |
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ICP was not available in conscious participants able to self-report.
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