Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine and Fentanyl Added to Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study
Table 3
Hemodynamic variables in the three groups.
Groups
Group C ()
Group P ()
Group F ()
MAP 5 min before SA
97.23 ± 7.62
94.76 ± 8.82
95.05 ± 5.36
NS
MAP 2 min after SA
73.25 ± 17.46
85.78 ± 11.13
74.76 ± 15.95
0.003
MAP 4 min after SA
69.54 ± 15.39
79.57 ± 11.69
74.93 ± 13.71
0.021
MAP 6 min after SA
89.84 ± 34.82
73.98 ± 13.39
82.12 ± 12.61
0.030
MAP 8 min after SA
91.72 ± 20.19
79.08 ± 13.00
87.54 ± 10.57
0.006
MAP 10 min after SA
92.96 ± 16.70
75.63 ± 12.55
89.11 ± 7.93
<0.001
MAP 15 min after SA
92.52 ± 17.22
78.92 ± 11.95
92.66 ± 9.09
0.001
MAP 20 min after SA
87.20 ± 15.81
78.14 ± 8.94
107.70 ± 76.69
0.041
MAP 25 min after SA
83.64 ± 17.55
75.21 ± 9.31
86.38 ± 4.66
0.001
MAP 30 min after SA
78.43 ± 13.34
66.58 ± 8.87
89.73 ± 5.56
<0.001
HR 5 min before SA
99.40 ± 11.88
97.90 ± 15.40
98.73 ± 13.61
NS
HR 2 min after SA
96.46 ± 16.05
101.20 ± 19.13
101.73 ± 16.15
NS
HR 4 min after SA
89.13 ± 13.62
96.46 ± 17.38
97.26 ± 15.03
NS
HR 6 min after SA
87.50 ± 13.43
97.16 ± 19.61
98.90 ± 17.58
0.024
HR 8 min after SA
84.40 ± 10.87
95.06 ± 20.14
92.73 ± 17.36
0.037
HR 10 min after SA
87.36 ± 13.29
96.23 ± 22.76
91.70 ± 13.68
NS
HR 15 min after SA
83.46 ± 10.48
101.76 ± 17.82
89.13 ± 14.32
<0.001
HR 20 min after SA
85.56 ± 12.38
102.26 ± 20.37
88.26 ± 14.49
<0.001
HR 25 min after SA
88.73 ± 11.46
99.50 ± 18.04
90.86 ± 12.33
0.011
HR 30 min after SA
86.76 ± 9.20
97.83 ± 17.07
89.50 ± 11.36
0.004
Data are presented as mean ± SD. C: clonidine, F: fentanyl, P: placebo, MAP: mean arterial blood pressure (mm Hg), HR: heart rate (bpm), SA: spinal anesthesia, and NS: nonsignificant.