Review Article
Perioperative Multimodal Anesthesia Using Regional Techniques in the Aging Surgical Patient
Table 6
Pulmonary system changes in the elderly.
| (i) Decreased chest wall compliance due to changes in muscle and chest wall joints | | (ii) Increased lung compliance due to loss in parenchymal elasticity | | (iii) Decreased lung parenchymal surface area leading to decreased efficiency of alveolar gas exchange due to increase in dead space and shunt | | (iv) Decrease FEV1, decreased TV, and increased RR | | (v) Hypotonia of pharyngeal muscles leading to upper airway obstruction | | (vii) Decreased responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypoxia | | (viii) Increased work of breathing | |
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