The Association between Patient-Reported Pain and Doctors’ Language Proficiency in Clinical Practice

Table 5

Correlation between the patient’s pain experience and their language proficiency in a nonnative language.

	VAS pain scale 0–10	Mean ± SD ()	value
The patients’ nonnative language proficiency,; 1–4 graded scale (1 = none/poor, 4 = fluent)	None or very poor proficiency	3.6 ± 1.9 (78)
	Speaking satisfactory well	3.5 ± 2.0 (132)
	Speaking well	3.2 ± 2.1 (121)
	Fluent proficiency	3.0 ± 2.0 (66)
	Total	3.4 ± 2.0 (396)	0.02

Adjusted for age, gender, income, education, and native language.