Associations between Wage System and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Construction Workers
Table 2
Unadjusted mean scores across wage system groups.
Total
Hourly/monthly paid (H)
Individual performance wage (I)
Group performance wage (G)
Univariate ANOVA -test
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
value
Partial eta square
Physical exertion (Borg CR-10)
5.82
(2.2)
5.45
(2.2)
5.99
(2.3)
6.63
(2.0)
<0.001
0.05
Time pressure
3.10
(0.9)
3.00
(0.9)
3.09
(1.0)
3.37
(0.9)
0.002
0.03
Fatigue
Total score
2.79
(0.7)
2.73
(0.7)
2.88
(0.7)
2.87
(0.7)
0.105
—
General
3.01
(0.8)
3.00
(0.8)
2.96
(0.8)
3.07
(0.8)
0.581
—
Back
2.92
(0.9)
2.87
(1.0)
3.06
(0.9)
2.94
(0.9)
0.291
—
Neck/shoulder
2.80
(1.0)
2.72
(1.0)
2.94
(0.9)
2.89
(0.9)
0.117
—
Arms/wrist
2.67
(0.9)
2.58
(0.9)
2.73
(1.0)
2.86
(0.9)
0.023
0.02
Legs
2.83
(0.9)
2.78
(1.0)
2.87
(1.0)
2.93
(0.9)
0.357
—
Head (mental)
2.51
(0.9)
2.47
(0.9)
2.69
(1.0)
2.49
(0.8)
0.191
—
Pain
Neck
3.04
(2.3)
2.95
(2.4)
3.2
(2.3)
3.18
(2.2)
0.605
—
Shoulder
3.84
(2.6)
3.66
(2.6)
4.13
(2.4)
4.10
(2.6)
0.244
—
Elbows
2.61
(2.2)
2.42
(2.2)
2.77
(2.1)
2.98
(2.3)
0.114
—
Hands/wrists
3.22
(2.3)
3.09
(2.3)
3.12
(2.0)
3.57
(2.4)
0.219
—
Fingers
2.88
(2.3)
2.92
(2.4)
2.89
(2.1)
2.77
(2.2)
0.858
—
Lower back
4.16
(2.9)
3.99
(2.9)
4.67
(2.9)
4.24
(2.8)
0.235
—
Hips
2.63
(2.3)
2.63
(2.5)
3.12
(2.1)
2.34
(2.0)
0.132
—
Knees
4.27
(2.8)
4.25
(2.9)
4.13
(2.3)
4.4
(2.9)
0.841
—
Feet/ankles
2.93
(2.4)
2.89
(2.5)
3.88
(2.6)
2.4
(1.9)
0.001
0.04
Head
2.19
(1.9)
2.17
(1.8)
2.48
(2.3)
2.04
(1.7)
0.362
—
Note: post hoc Bonferroni adjusted value () between G and I. Post hoc Bonferroni adjusted value () between G and H. Post hoc Bonferroni adjusted value () between I and H. Borg-CR-10 scores range from 0 to 11: 0: not all exerted, 10: extremely strong, and 11: maximal exertion. Time pressure score range between 1 and 5: 1: always and 5: never in relation to the question: How often can you work at an nice and easy pace and still get your work done? Fatigue scores range from 1 to 5: 1: not fatigued and 5: exhausted. Pain scores range from 1 to 5: 1: every day and 5: never.
