Associations between Wage System and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Construction Workers
Table 5
Time pressure and pain intensity scores, adjusted for individual, demographical, and lifestyle factors.
Time pressure (continuous) ()
Pain ()
Mean
95% CI
value
Mean
95% CI
value
Age
0.76
0.003
(1) 18–29
3.17
2.95–3.39
2.29
1.81–2.77
(2) 30–39
3.32
3.10–3.54
2.64
2.16–3.12
(3) 40–49
3.26
3.05–3.48
3.04
2.58–3.49
(4) 50–59
3.20
2.98–3.42
3.33
2.84–3.82
(5) 60+
3.11
2.64–3.58
3.89
2.91–4.87
Profession
0.03
0.127
(1) Bricklayer labourer
3.60
3.19–4.02
3.45
2.53–4.38
(2) Bricklayer
3.11
2.87–3.35
2.85
2.34–3.37
(3) Concrete worker
3.24
3.03–3.44
3.32
2.88–3.75
(4) Scaffolder
3.04
2.79–3.30
2.89
2.34–3.45
(5) Carpenter
3.07
2.86–3.28
2.67
2.22–3.13
BMI
0.35
0.119
(1) Normal weight
3.24
3.06–3.42
3.13
2.74–3.52
(2) Overweight
3.13
2.95–3.31
2.73
2.35–3.12
(3) Obese
3.27
2.99–3.54
3.25
2.66–3.84
Smoking
0.92
0.488
(1) No
3.22
3.05–3.39
2.96
2.60–3.33
(2) Yes
3.20
3.01–3.40
3.12
2.70–3.53
Physical activity
0.45
0.445
(1) No
3.20
3.02–3.38
3.12
2.74–3.51
(2) Yes
3.23
3.04–3.41
2.95
2.55–3.36
Vegetable eating habits
0.24
0.521
(1) 1-2 times a week at most
3.15
2.96–3.35
3.11
2.69–3.53
(2) 3–6 times a week at least
3.27
3.10–3.44
2.97
2.60–3.33
Intake of alcohol
0.06
0.196
(1) ≤1 unit a day
3.13
2.95–3.31
3.19
2.80–3.58
(2) >1 unit a day
3.30
3.11–3.49
2.89
2.47–3.30
Wage system
—
0.05
0.583
(1) Group performance wage
3.38
3.17–3.60
3.14
2.69–3.59
(2) Individual performance wage
3.15
2.89–3.40
3.08
2.54–3.62
(3) Hourly/monthly wage
3.11
2.93–3.29
2.90
2.52–3.28
Note: is post hoc -test, pairwise difference from level 1, , is post hoc -test, pairwise difference from level 2, , is post hoc -test, pairwise difference from level 3, , is post hoc -test, pairwise difference from level 4, , and is post hoc -test, pairwise difference from level 5, .
