A Comparative Study of Facial Asymmetry in Philippine, Colombian, and Ethiopian Families with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip Palate

Table 2

Statistical analysis summary of the facial measurements.

Measurements	Ethiopia		Philippines		Colombia
	Odds ratio	P value	Odds ratio	P value	Odds ratio	P value
Vertical
Superior third: Tri-Gl (lower)	1.6	0.15	3.2	0.01*	1	0.4
Middle third: Gl-Sn (higher)	0.6	0.30	2.9	0.01*	12.75	0.001*
Inferior third: Sn-Me (higher)	0.9	0.80	7.7	0.001*	8.26	0.001*
D1 distance from internal canthal to alar base (higher)	1.5	0.19	1.7	0.15	1	0.54
D2 pupil to commissure (higher)	1	0.49	1.9	0.06	1.52	0.38
D3 ear length (higher)	1.2	0.59	5.1	0.001*	3.17	0.04*
D4 inferior border of ear to inferior border of mandible
D4 left higher	1.3	0.42	2.8	0.03*	1	0.26
D4 right higher	0.6	0.27	5.3	0.001*	0.75	0.63
Horizontal
Interorbital distance	2.2	0.02*	1.8	0.12	1	0.55
D5 subnasal to left and right alar (asymmetry)	0.7	0.36	5.6	0.001*	2.04	0.04
D6 philtrum to left and right commissure (asymmetry)	0.7	0.46	10.5	0.001*	2.03	0.04
D7 midle line to zigion perpendicular for left and right sides (asymmetry**)	1.13	0.83	6.0	0.01*	3.18	0.01*

*Statistically significant (𝑃>0.05).
**Asymmetry represented by right or left side higher.