Complements and the Wound Healing Cascade: An Updated Review

Figure 1

Cytokines and complements involved in inflammation. The three phases of wound healing are associated with different growth factors and subsequent cellular infiltration. Although the complement system is involved in inflammation, its role in wound healing has never been proposed. Complements C3 and C5, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF).