Several New Aspects of the Foraging Behavior of Osmia cornifrons in an Apple Orchard

Table 1

Fruit set of “Fuji” fruit formed by open-pollination.

Flower morphology	Year	No. of flowers	No. of fruits	Rate of fruit set (mean $\pm$ S.E.%)	No. of seeds/fruit (mean $\pm$ S.E.%)
Anthers	2007	21	18	85.7	8.2
removed	2007	20	15	75.0	9.7
	2008	20	15	75.0	8.5
	2008	20	15	75.0	8.9
	2007-2008			77.7 $\pm$ 2.7	8.8 $\pm$ 0.7
Petals	2007	21	14	66.7	7.7
removed	2007	20	9	45.0	8.7
	2008	20	10	50.0	6.3
	2008	20	13	65.0	5.5
	2007-2008			56.7 $\pm$ 5.4	7.1 $\pm$ 0.7
Anthers and	2007	20	13	65.0	7.1
petals	2007	20	5	25.0	5.8
removed	2008	20	4	20.0	5.0
	2008	20	4	20.0	3.8
	2007-2008			32.5 $\pm$ 10.9	5.4 $\pm$ 0.7
Untreated	2007	21	21	100.0	8.2
	2007	20	18	90.0	8.9
	2008	20	17	85.0	10.2
	2008	20	20	100.0	9.0
	2007-2008			93.8 $\pm$ 3.8	9.1 $\pm$ 0.4