Flower Constancy in the Generalist Pollinator Ceratina flavipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae): An Evaluation by Pollen Analysis

Table 4

Comparison of pollen availability and pollen usage by Ceratina flavipes and Phenology of the total dry weight of pollen for each flowering species during the breeding season of C. flavipes. The number of flowers is shown in parentheses. Total pollen mass was calculated as $m\times n$, where m is the average dry pollen weight per flower (from Table 3) and $n$ is the number of flowers. Availability and usage differed significantly among species.

	Number of pollen grants (Number of flower head)
Flowering sp.	Availability	Using [83 balls]	Availability	Using [47 balls]	Availability	Using [8 balls]	Availability	Using [10 balls]
	6/12-13	LL	6/18–20	ML	6/26-27	SL	6/30–7/1	E
Vicia cracca	0.00	106	2351.70 (90)	5	9145.50 (350)	0	12542.40 (480)	1
Rosa rugosa	7227.09 (639)	9372	51256.92 (4532)	5602	44991.18 (3978)	981	6853.86 (606)	979
Rosa parvifolius	0.00	4666	371.58 (33)	2546	675.60 (60)	518	35941.92 (3192)	794
Melilotus suaveolens	0.00	0	0.00	0	1453.40 (215)	0	17778.80 (2630)	0
Picris hieracioides	0.00	73	972.36 (219)	55	1602.84 (361)	0	5772.00 (1300)	6
Lathyrus japonicus	4091.49 (1521)	90	13619.47 (5063)	41	4040.40 (1365)	0	515.04 (60)	0
Oenothera biennis	0.00	0	0.00	0	1.15 (1)	0	623.3 (542)	0
Calystegia soldanella	0.00	0	16.86 (2)	0	0.00	0	1.41 (8)	0
others	0.00	2293	2205.64 (759)	1151	0.00	101	111.18 (631)	220
$G$-test	$X^2$ = 24017.79		$X^2$= 22632.59		$X^2$ = 11782.58		$X^2$ = 9979.381
	$P<.01$		$P<.01$		$P<.01$		$P<.01$