Observations on Forced Colony Emigration in Parachartergus fraternus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New Nest Site Marked with Sprayed Venom

Table 1

Data relating to emigration events for the six colonies of Parachartergus fraternus studied in Brazil. See text for additional details.

Colony number	Pre-emigration initiation; (date and time)	Pre-emigration duration (hours)	Cluster of scouts found prior to emigration	Duration of emigration (minutes)	Date and time of emigration	Emigration distances (meters)	Population estimate
C1	02/25/01; 10:35	50	02/26/01; 15:00; 12 scouts	30	02/27/01 11:30	28	290
C2	03/22/01; 9:00	74.5	03/25/01; 10:00; 24 scouts	25	03/25/01 11:30	30	270
C3	03/03/03; 11:30	48	03/05/03; 11:00; 40 scouts	35	03/05/03 11:23	28	350
C4	03/03/03; 14:30	49	not found	not observed	03/05/03 between 12:15–13:35	75	360
C5	06/14/03; 8:00	55	not found	25	06/16/03 15:00	26	340
C6	03/23/04; 18:30	67	not found	not observed	03/26/04 between 12:50–13:45	33	320