Research Article
Observations on Forced Colony Emigration in Parachartergus fraternus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New Nest Site Marked with Sprayed Venom
Table 1
Data relating to emigration events for the six colonies of Parachartergus fraternus studied in Brazil. See text for additional details.
| Colony number | Pre-emigration initiation (date and time) | Pre-emigration duration (hours) | Cluster of scouts found prior to emigration | Duration of emigration (minutes) | Date and time of emigration | Emigration distances (meters) | Population estimate |
| C1 | 02/25/01 10:35 | 50 | 02/26/01 15:00 12 scouts | 30 | 02/27/01 11:30 | 28 | 290 | C2 | 03/22/01 9:00 | 74.5 | 03/25/01 10:00 24 scouts | 25 | 03/25/01 11:30 | 30 | 270 | C3 | 03/03/03 11:30 | 48 | 03/05/03 11:00 40 scouts | 35 | 03/05/03 11:23 | 28 | 350 | C4 | 03/03/03 14:30 | 49 | not found | not observed | 03/05/03 between 12:15–13:35 | 75 | 360 | C5 | 06/14/03 8:00 | 55 | not found | 25 | 06/16/03 15:00 | 26 | 340 | C6 | 03/23/04 18:30 | 67 | not found | not observed | 03/26/04 between 12:50–13:45 | 33 | 320 |
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