Diversity of Species and Behavior of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Ants: A Review

Table 1

List of parasitic wasps recorded as true primary parasitoids of ants (brood or adult). As all of the eucharitids are true parasitoids of ants, all known associations with ants have been included, but see **. For further details, see text.

Hymenopterous parasitoids		Associated ant host		References
Species	Referred to as	Species	Referred to as
Diaprioidea: Diapriidae (26)
Acanthopria sp.	—	Cyphomyrmex salvini Forel	—	[33]
Acanthopria sp.	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Acanthopria sp. no. 1	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 2	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 3	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 4	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 5	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 6	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 7	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. no. 8	—	Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery	—	[35]
Acanthopria sp. 1	—	Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr	—	[36]
Acanthopria sp. no. 1′	—	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)	—	[36]
Acanthopria sp. no. 2′	—	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)	—	[36]
Acanthopria sp. no. 3′	—	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)	—	[36]
Acanthopria sp. no. 4′	—	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)	—	[36]
Mimopriella sp.	—	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)	—	[36]
Mimopriella sp. 1	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Mimopriella sp. 2	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Oxypria sp.	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Plagiopria passerai Huggert and Masner	—	Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latr.)	—	[37]
Szelenyiopria lucens (Loiácono)	Gymnopria lucens	Acromyrmex ambiguus (Emery)	—	[38]
Szelenyiopria pampeana (Loiácono)	Gymnopria pampeana	Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery)	—	[39]
Szelenyiopria sp. 1	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Szelenyiopria sp. 2	—	Trachymyrmex cf. zeteki Weber	—	[34]
Trichopria formicans Loiácono	—	Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery)	—	[40]
Trichopria sp.	—	Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery)	—	[40]
Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae (2 + 2*)
Smicromorpha doddi Girault	—	Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabr.)	—	[41, 42]
Smicromorpha keralensis Narendran*	—	Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabr.)	—	[43]
Smicromorpha masneri Darling	—	Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabr.)	—	[44]
Smicromorpha minera Girault *	—	Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabr.)	—	[42]
Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae (1)
Blanchardiscus sp. ?pollux Noyes	—	Pachycondyla goeldii (Forel)	—	[45]
Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae (86 + 7** + 1***)
Ancylotropus manipurensis	—	Camponotus sp.***	—	[11, 46]
Ancylotropus sp.	—	Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi	—	[11]
Athairocharis vannoorti Heraty	—	Anoplolepis sp.	Anaplolepis sp.	[11]
Austeucharis fasciiventris (Brues)	Psilogaster fasciiventris	Myrmecia gulosa (Fabr.)	—	[47]
Austeucharis implexa (Walker)	—	Myrmecia pilosula F. Smith	—	[11]
Austeucharis myrmeciae (Forel)	Eucharis myrmeciae Cameron	Myrmecia forficata (Fabr.)	—	[48]
Austeucharis sp.	—	Myrmecia pavida Clark	M. atrata Clark	[49, 50]
	—	Myrmecia nigriceps Mayr	M. nigriceps Smith	[49, 50]
	—	Myrmecia pilosula F. Smith	—	[50]
	Epimetagea sp.	Myrmecia pyriformis F. Smith	—	[51]
	—	Myrmecia tarsata F. Smith	—	[50]
	—	Myrmecia vindex F. Smith	M. vindex Forel	[50]
Chalcura affinis (Bingham)	Rhipipallus affinis	Odontomachus ruficeps F. Smith	O. ruficeps subsp. coriarius Mayr	[52]
	Chalcuroides versicolor Girault	Odontomachus sp.	Myrmecia sp.	[53, 54]
Chalcura deprivata (Walker)	—	Odontomachus haematodus (L.)	O. haematodes	[55]
Chalcura nigricyanea (Girault)	—	Rhytidoponera metallica (F. Smith)	R. metallicum	[11]
Chalcura polita (Girault)	—	Rhytidoponera metallica (F. Smith)	R. metallicum	[11]
Chalcura sp.	—	Formica rufa L.	—	[56]
Chalcura sp. nr. polita (Girault)	—	Rhytidoponera chalybaea Emery	—	[11]
Dicoelothorax platycerus Ashmead	—	Ectatomma brunneum F. Smith	—	[57]
Dilocantha lachaudii Heraty	—	Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)	—	[58, 59]
Eucharis adscendens (Fabr.)	—	Formica ?cunicularia Latr.**	F. glauca Ruzsky	[60]
	—	Formica rufa L.	—	[61]
	—	Messor barbarus (L.)**	Aphaenogaster barbara L.	[62]
Eucharis bedeli (Cameron)	—	Cataglyphis bicolor (Fabr.)***	C. viaticus	[63]
	Chalcura bedeli	Cataglyphis viaticus (Fabr.)	Myrmecocystus viaticus	[64, 65]
	Chalcura bedeli	Formica rufa L.***	—	[61, 65]
Eucharis esakii Ishii	E. scutellaris Gahan	Formica japonica Motschoulski	F. fusca fusca japonica Mots.	[66]
	E. scutellaris Gahan	Formica sp.	—	[55]
Eucharis microcephala Bouček	—	Cataglyphis nodus (Brullé)	C. bicolor ssp. nodus	[67]
Eucharis punctata Förster	—	Messor concolor Santschi**	M. barbarus r. semirufus v. concolor Sm.	[68]
Eucharis rugulosa Gussakovskiy	—	Cataglyphis sp.**	—	[60]
Eucharis shestakovi Gussakovskiy	—	Messor structor (Latr.)**	—	[69]
Eucharis sp.	—	Formica neorufibarbis Emery**	F. fusca neorufibarbis	[70]
	—	Myrmica incompleta Provancher**	M. brevinodis Emery	[70]
Galearia latreillei (Guérin-Méneville)	Thoracantha bruchi	Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr**	P. carnivora Santschi	[11, 71]
Gollumiella longipetiolata Hedqvist	—	Paratrechina sp.	—	[72]
Hydrorhoa sp. striaticeps Kieffer complex	—	Camponotus maculatus (Fabr.)	C. maculatus Mayr	[11]
Isomerala coronata (Westwood)	Isomaralia coronata	Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)	—	[73]
	—	Ectatomma ruidum Roger***	—	[11]
Kapala atrata (Walker)	K. surgens	Pachycondyla harpax (Fabr.)	—	[11]
Kapala cuprea Cameron	—	Pachycondyla crassinoda (Latr.)	—	[74]
Kapala floridana (Ashmead)	—	Pogonomyrmex badius (Latr.)**	—	[70]
Kapala iridicolor (Cameron)	K. sulcifacies (Cameron)	Ectatomma ruidum Roger	—	[75, 76]
	—	Gnamptogenys regularis Mayr	—	[76]
	—	Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr	—	[76]
	—	Gnamptogenys sulcata (F. Smith)	—	[76]
	—	Pachycondyla stigma (Fabr.)	—	[76]
Kapala izapa Carmichael	—	Ectatomma ruidum Roger	—	[76]
Kapala sp.	—	Dinoponera lucida Emery	—	[77]
	—	Ectatomma brunneum F. Smith	—	[78]
	—	Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)	—	[79]
	—	Gnamptogenys sulcata (F. Smith)	—	[80]
	—	Gnamptogenys tortuolosa (F. Smith)	—	[78]
	—	Hypoponera nitidula (Emery)	—	[81]
	—	Odontomachus bauri Emery	—	[11]
	—	Odontomachus brunneus (Patton)	—	[80]
	—	Odontomachus haematodus (L.)	—	[77]
	—	Odontomachus hastatus (Fabr.)	—	[11]
	—	Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville	O. haematodes insularis pallens Wheeler	[66]
	—	Odontomachus laticeps Roger	—	[80]
	—	Odontomachus mayi Mann	—	[78]
	—	Odontomachus meinerti Forel	—	[81]
	—	Odontomachus opaciventris Forel	—	[80]
	—	Pachycondyla apicalis (Latr.)	—	[80]
	—	Pachycondyla harpax (Fabr.)	—	[81]
	—	Pachycondyla stigma (Fabr.)	—	[81]
	—	Pachycondyla verenae (Forel)	—	[78]
	—	Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr	—	[81]
Kapala terminalis Ashmead	—	Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville	O. haematodes insularis pallens Wheeler	[66]
Lophyrocera variabilis Torréns, Heraty and Fidalgo	—	Camponotus sp.	—	[82]
Mateucharis rugulosa Heraty	—	Camponotus sp.	—	[11]
Neolosbanus gemma (Girault)	—	Hypoponera sp.	—	[83]
Neolosbanus palgravei (Girault)	—	Hypoponera sp.	—	[83]
Obeza floridana (Ashmead)	—	Camponotus floridanus (Buckley)	C. abdominalis floridanus	[84]
Orasema aenea Gahan	—	Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel	—	[85]
Orasema argentina Gemignani	—	Pheidole nitidula Santschi	P. strobeli misera Snts.	[71]
Orasema assectator Kerrich	—	Pheidole sp.	—	[86, 87]
Orasema coloradensis Wheeler	O. coloradensis Ashmead	Diplorhoptrum validiusculum (Emery)	Solenopsis molesta validiuscula	[70]
	O. coloradensis Gahan	Formica oreas comptula Wheeler	—	[88]
	O. coloradensis Gahan	Formica subnitens Creighton	—	[88]
	O. coloradensis Ashmead	Pheidole bicarinata Mayr	P. vinelandica Forel	[70]
Orasema costaricensis Wheeler and Wheeler	—	Pheidole flavens Roger	—	[63]
	—	Pheidole vallifica Forel	—	[89]
Orasema fraudulenta (Reichensperger)	Psilogaster fraudulentus	Pheidole megacephala (Fabr.)	—	[90]
Orasema minuta Ashmead	—	Pheidole nr. tetra Creighton	—	[11, 83]
	—	Temnothorax allardycei (Mann)	—	[11, 83]
Orasema minutissima Howard	—	Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger)	—	[91]
	—	Wasmannia sigmoidea (Mayr)	—	[92]
Orasema monomoria Heraty	—	Monomorium sp.	—	[93]
Orasema occidentalis Ashmead	—	Pheidole pilifera (Roger)	—	[94]
Orasema pireta Heraty	—	Solenopsis sp.	—	[85]
Orasema rapo (Walker)	—	Eciton quadriglume (Haliday)**	—	[83]
Orasema robertsoni Gahan	—	Pheidole dentata Mayr	—	[95]
Orasema salebrosa Heraty	—	Solenopsis invicta Buren	—	[85]
	—	Solenopsis richteri Forel	—	[96]
Orasema simplex Heraty	—	Solenopsis invicta Buren	—	[97]
	—	Solenopsis macdonaghi Santschi	—	[85]
	—	Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel	—	[85]
	—	Solenopsis richteri Forel	—	[96]
Orasema simulatrix Gahan	—	Pheidole desertorum Wheeler	—	[98]
Orasema sixaolae Wheeler and Wheeler	—	Solenopsis tenuis Mayr	—	[63]
Orasema sp.	B1 nr. bakeri	Solenopsis geminata (Fabr.)	—	[83]
	B1 nr. bakeri	Solenopsis xyloni MacCook	—	[83]
Orasema sp.	B2 nr. bakeri	Pheidole nr. californica Mayr	—	[83]
	B2 nr. bakeri	Pheidole nr. clementensis Gregg	—	[83]
	B2 nr. bakeri	Pheidole sp.	—	[83]
	B2 nr. bakeri	Tetramorium sp.	—	[83]
Orasema sp.	C1 nr. costaricensis	Pheidole dentata Mayr	—	[83]
Orasema sp.	—	Pheidole bilimeki Mayr	P. anastasii Emery	[99]
Orasema sp.	—	Pheidole paiute Gregg	—	[94]
Orasema sp. nr. bouceki Heraty	—	Pheidole sp.	—	[83]
Orasema sp. uichancoi-group	—	Pheidole sp.	—	[93]
Orasema susanae Gemignani	—	Pheidole nr. tetra Creighton	—	[83]
Orasema tolteca Mann	—	Pheidole hirtula Forel	P. vasleti var. acohlma	[100]
Orasema valgius (Walker)	O. pheidolophaga Girault	Pheidole sp.	—	[53]
Orasema wheeleri Wheeler	O. wheeleri Ashmead	Pheidole ceres Wheeler	—	[70]
	O. viridis Ashmead	Pheidole dentata Mayr	—	[55, 70]
	O. viridis Ashmead	Pheidole sciophila Wheeler	—	[55, 70]
	O. viridis Ashmead	Pheidole tepicana Pergande	P. kingi subsp. instabilis Emery	[55, 70]
	O. viridis Ashmead	Pheidole tepicana Pergande	P. carbonaria Pergande	[55, 70]
Orasema worcesteri (Girault)	O. doello-juradoi Gemignani	Pheidole radoszkowskii Mayr	P. nitidula Emery	[71, 96]
Orasema xanthopus (Cameron)	—	Solenopsis invicta Buren	—	[83, 96]
	—	Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel	—	[85]
	—	Solenopsis richteri Forel	—	[101]
	—	Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith)	—	[102]
Orasemorpha eribotes (Walker)	—	Pheidole sp.	—	[54]
Orasemorpha myrmicae (Girault)	—	Pheidole sp.	—	[83]
Orasemorpha tridentata (Girault)	Eucaromorpha wheeleri Brues	Pheidole proxima Mayr	—	[103]
Orasemorpha xeniades (Walker)	—	Pheidole tasmaniensis Mayr	—	[83]
Pogonocharis browni Heraty	—	Gnamptogenys menadensis (Mayr)	—	[11]
Pseudochalcura gibbosa (Provancher)	—	Camponotus herculeanus (L.)	—	[46]
	—	Camponotus laevigatus (F. Smith)	—	[104]
	—	Camponotus novaeboracensis (Fitch)	C. ligniperdus var. novaeboracensis	[70]
	—	Camponotus sp. ?vicinus Mayr	—	[104]
Pseudochalcura nigrocyanea Ashmead	—	Camponotus sp.	—	[105]
Pseudochalcura sculpturata Heraty	—	Camponotus planatus Roger	—	[11]
Pseudometagea schwarzii (Ashmead)	—	Lasius neoniger Emery	—	[106]
Rhipipalloidea madangensis Maeyama, Machida, and Terayama	—	Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) sp.	—	[107]
Rhipipalloidea mira Girault	—	Polyrhachis femorata F. Smith	—	[11]
Schizaspidia convergens (Walker)	—	Odontomachus haematodus (L.)	O. haematodes	[55]
Schizaspidia nasua (Walker)	—	Odontomachus rixosus F. Smith	—	[11]
Stilbula arenae Girault	—	Polyrhachis sp.	Cyrtomyrma sp.	[54]
Stilbula cyniformis (Rossi)	S. cynipiformis	Camponotus aethiops (Latr.)	C. marginatus Latr.	[68]
	Schizaspidia tenuicornis	Camponotus japonicus Mayr	C. herculeanus ssp. japonicus	[108]
	Schizaspidia tenuicornis	Camponotus obscuripes Mayr	C. herculeanus ssp. ligniperdus v. obscuripes	[66, 108]
	S. cynipiformis	Camponotus sanctus Forel	C. maculatus r. sanctus	[62]
Stilbula polyrhachicida (Wheeler and Wheeler)	Schizaspidia polyrhachicida	Polyrhachis dives F. Smith	Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) dives	[109]
Stilbuloida calomyrmecis (Brues)	Schizaspidia calomyrmecis	Calomyrmex purpureus (Mayr)	—	[103]
Stilbuloida doddi (Bingham)	Schizaspidia doddi	Camponotus sp.	—	[52]
Timioderus acuminatus Heraty	—	Pheidole capensis Mayr	—	[93]
Tricoryna chalcoponerae Brues	—	Rhytidoponera metallica (F. Smith)	Chalcoponera metallica var. critulata	[103]
Tricoryna ectatommae Girault	—	Rhytidoponera sp.	Ectatomma sp.	[110]
Tricoryna iello (Walker)	—	Rhytidoponera sp.	—	[11]
Tricoryna minor (Girault)	—	Rhytidoponera metallica (F. Smith)	—	[11]
	—	Rhytidoponera victoriae (André)	—	[11]
Tricoryna sp. nr. alcicornis (Bouček)	—	Rhytidoponera violacea (Forel)	—	[11]
Zulucharis campbelli Heraty	—	Camponotus sp.	—	[11]
Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae (5)
Horismenus floridensis (Schauff and Bouček)	Alachua floridensis	Camponotus atriceps (F. Smith)	C. abdominalis (Fabr.)	[111]
	Alachua floridensis	Camponotus floridanus (Buckley)	—	[111]
Horismenus myrmecophagus Hansson, Lachaud, and Pérez-Lachaud	—	Camponotus sp. ca. textor Forel	—	[112]
Myrmokata diparoides Bouček	—	Crematogaster sp.	—	[113]
Pediobius marjoriae Kerrich	—	Lepisotia sp.	Acantholepis sp.	[114]
Unidentified sp. (?Horismenus)	nr. Paracrias	Crematogaster acuta (Fabr.)	—	[109, 112]
Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae (4)
Aximopsis affinis (Brues)	Conoaxima affinis	Azteca sp.	—	[115]
	Conoaxima affinis	Azteca alfari Emery	Azteca alfari subsp. lucidula var. canalis	[116]
	Conoaxima affinis	Azteca pittieri Forel	—	[117]
Aximopsis aztecicida (Brues)	Conoaxima aztecicida	Azteca alfari Emery	Azteca alfaroi	[115]
	Conoaxima aztecicida	Azteca constructor Emery	—	[115]
Aximopsis sp.	Conoaxima sp.	Azteca salti Wheeler	Azteca xanthochroa (Roger) subsp. salti	[116]
Aximopsis sp. (?aztecicida)	Conoaxima sp. (?aztecicida)	Azteca alfari Emery	—	[118]
	Conoaxima sp. (?aztecicida)	Azteca australis Wheeler	—	[118]
	Conoaxima sp. (?aztecicida)	Azteca ovaticeps Forel	—	[119]
	Conoaxima sp. (?aztecicida)	Camponotus balzani Emery	—	[118]
Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae (1)
Unidentified sp.	—	Pachycondyla luteola (Roger)	—	[119]
Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae (11 + 4*)
Elasmosoma berolinense Ruthe	—	Camponotus spp.	—	[120]
	—	Camponotus vagus (Scopoli)	—	[121]
	—	Formica fusca L.	—	[48]
	—	Formica japonica Motschoulsky	—	[122]
	—	Formica pratensis Retzius	—	[123]
	—	Formica rufa L.	—	[124–126]
	—	Formica sanguinea Latr.	—	[48]
	—	Formica spp.	—	[120]
	—	Lasius niger (L.)	—	[48, 56]
	—	Polyergus sp.	—	[127]
Elasmosoma luxemburgense Wasmann	—	Formica rufibarbis Fabr.	—	[128, 129]
Elasmosoma michaeli Shaw	—	Formica obscuripes Forel	—	[130]
	E. sp. nr. pergandei Ashmead	Formica obscuriventris clivia Creighton	—	[131]
Elasmosoma pergandei Ashmead*	—	Camponotus castaneus (Latr.)	C. melleus (Say)	[132]
	—	Formica integra Nylander	—	[126]
	—	Formica subsericea Say	—	[126]
Elasmosoma petulans Muesebeck*	—	Formica integra Nylander	—	[133]
	—	Formica opaciventris Emery	—	[127, 133, 134]
	—	Formica pergandei Emery	F. rubicunda Emery	[133, 134]
	—	Formica rubicunda Emery***	—	[127, 133, 134]
	—	Formica subintegra Wheeler	F. subintegra Emery	[133]
	—	Formica subsericea Say	—	[133]
Elasmosoma schwarzi Ashmead*	—	Formica schaufussi Mayr	—	[127]
	—	Polyergus lucidus Mayr	—	[127]
Elasmosoma vigilans Cockerell	—	Formica perpilosa Wheeler	—	[94]
	—	Formica subpolita Mayr	—	[135]
Elasmosomites primordialis Brues	—	Lasius sp. (?schiefferdeckeri Mayr)	—	[136]
Kollasmosoma marikovskii (Tobias)	—	Formica pratensis Retzius	—	[137]
Kollasmosoma platamonense (Huddleston)	Elasmosoma platamonense	Cataglyphis bicolor (Fabr.)	—	[127]
	—	Messor semirufus (André)	—	[138]
Kollasmosoma sentum van Achterberg and Gómez	—	Cataglyphis ibericus (Emery)	—	[129]
Neoneurus auctus (Thomson)	Euphorus bistigmaticus Morley	Formica pratensis Retzius	—	[139, 140]
	Euphorus bistigmaticus Morley	Formica rufa L.	—	[139, 140]
Neoneurus clypeatus (Förster)*	Elasmosoma viennense Giraud	Formica rufa L.	—	[141]
Neoneurus mantis Shaw	—	Formica podzolica Francoeur	—	[142, 143]
Neoneurus vesculus van Achterberg and Gómez	—	Formica cunicularia Latr.	—	[129]
Ichneumonoidea: Ichneumonidae (3 + 2*)
Eurypterna cremieri (de Romand)	Pachylomma cremieri	Formica rufa L.	—	[144]
	Pachylomma cremieri	Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.)	Formica fuliginosa	[145–148]
	—	Lasius niger (L.)	—	[123]
	Pachylomma cremieri	Lasius nipponensis Forel	—	[149]
Ghilaromma fuliginosi (Donisthorpe and Wilkinson)*	Paxylomma fuliginosi	Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.)	—	[150, 151]
Hybrizon buccatus (Brébisson)	Pachylomma buccata	Formica rufa L.	F. rufa var. rufo-pratensis	[152]
	Pachylomma buccata	Formica rufibarbis Fabr.	—	[152]
	Pachylomma buccata	Formica sanguinea Latr.	—	[152]
	Pachylomma buccata Nees	Lasius alienus (Förster)	Donisthorpea aliena	[24]
	Pachylomma buccatum	Lasius brunneus (Latr.)	—	[144]
	Pachylomma buccata	Lasius flavus (Fabr.)	—	[152]
	—	Lasius grandis Forel	—	[129]
	Pachylomma buccata	Lasius niger (L.)	—	[140]
	Pachylomma buccata Nees	Myrmica lobicornis Nylander	—	[24]
	Pachylomma buccata Nees	Myrmica ruginodis Nylander	—	[24]
	Pachylomma buccata	Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander	—	[153]
	Pachylomma buccata	Tapinoma erraticum (Latr.)	—	[152]
Hybrizon rileyi (Ashmead)*	—	Lasius alienus (Förster)	—	[154]
Unidentified Hybrizontinae (gen. nov. sp. nov.)	—	Myrmica kotokui Forel	—	[149]

*: attack was not observed, but there is strong evidence that all of the species of this genus reported as associated with an ant species are true primary parasitoids of this host.
**: uncertain report of association with the host (e.g., ants of the genera Pogonomyrmex and Messor do not have cocoons—contrary to what is reported in the original reference—and were probably misidentified), uncertain identification of the ant host (ambiguity between 2 or more species), or wasps not found directly within the nest of the presumed host (e.g., found near a nest—perhaps only by chance—or found on refuse deposit—perhaps as a prey—).
***: erroneous report (misidentification of either the parasitoid or the ant host), or erroneous emendation of the host species.