Trait-Mediated Indirect Effects of Phorid Flies on Ants

Table 1

Ant response to phorid parasitism.

Research retrieval
Ant spp.	Phorid spp.	Measured ant response to phorid parasitism	References
Atta cephalotes	Neodohrniphora curvinervis	Reduced resource retrieval	[16]
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.	Reduced number of loaded ants	[17]
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.	Reduced resource retrieval	[18]
Azteca instabilis	Pseudacteon sp.	Increased time for foragers to carry away resource	[19]
Pheidole diversipilosa	Apocephalus sp. 8	Increased resource turnover rate by competitor	[20]
Solenopsis geminata	Pseudacteon browni and P. bifidus	Reduced resource retrieval	[21]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Reduced colony protein consumption	[22]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Reduced resource retrieval	[23]
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon sp. (multiple)	Reduced number of workers at resource	[24]
Worker size
Ant spp.	Phorid spp.	Measured ant response to phorid parasitism	References
Atta	Neodohrniphora erthali	Increased number of hitchhikers	[25]
Atta cephalotes	Neodohrniphora curvinervis	Sent out workers in smaller size	[17]
Atta cephalotes	Unreported	Sent out workers in smaller size	[26]
Atta laevigata	Apocephalus attophilus	Sent out workers in smaller size	[27]
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.	Reduced forager mass	[17]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Sent out workers in smaller size	[22]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Sent out workers in smaller size	[23]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon sp.	Altered ratio of worker size	[28]
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon sp.	Sent out workers in smaller size	[24]
Ant activity
Ant spp.	Phorid spp.	Measured ant response to phorid parasitism	References
Atta laevigata	Apocephalus attophilus	Altered number of foragers	[27]
Atta sexdens	Myrmosicarius grandicornis	Reduced number of loaded ants	[29]
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.	Increased number of unloaded workers returning to nest & decreased number of loaded workers returning to nest	[17]
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.	Altered number of foragers	[17]
Azteca instabilis	Pseudacteon sp.	Reduced ant activity	[30]
Azteca instabilis	Pseudacteon sp.	Reduced number of ants	[31]
Linepithema humile	Pseudacteon sp.	Altered number of foragers	[32]
Pheidole titanis	Pseudacteon sp.	Reduced ant activity	[14]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Reduced number of exposed ants	[20]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Altered recruited ant size	[22]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Altered forager size	[34]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Reducers number of ants at baits	[23]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Reduced number of foragers	[35]
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon sp.	Reduced number of ants at baits	[28]
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon (multiple spp.)	Reduced number of ants at baits	[24]
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon (multiple spp.)	Reduced various ant activity	[24]
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon sp.	Reduced ant activity	[36]
Solenopsis sp.	Pseudacteon sp.	Altered number of foragers	[37]