Pheromone Production, Attraction, and Interspecific Inhibition among Four Species of Ips Bark Beetles in the Southeastern USA

Table 3

Subtractive bioassay: pheromone candidates released from Wick-baits:—for abbreviations, see Table 1. Release rates are given in μg/h.

Ips grandicollis bait, used in Oconee National Forest, GA, April 1992.
	Ie	EM	Ger	cV	Id	Ln
Total blend	250	65	65	250	—	—
– " – − Ie	—	65	65	250	—	—
– " – − EM	250	—	65	250	—	—
– " – − Ger	250	65	—	250	—	—
– " – − cV	250	65	65	—	—	—
– " – + Id	250	65	65	250	500	—
– " – + Ln	250	65	65	250	—	65
– " – + Id + Ln	250	65	65	250	500	65
Blank	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ips avulsus bait, used at Fort Benning, AL, September, 1991.
	MB	Id	Ln	cV	Ie	EM
Total blend	500	500	65	250	—	—
– " – − MB	—	500	65	250	—	—
– " – − Id	500	—	65	250	—	—
– " – − Ln	500	500	—	250	—	—
– " – − cV	500	500	65	—	—	—
– " – + Ie	500	500	65	250	250	—
– " – + EM	500	500	65	250	—	65
– " – + Ie + EM	500	500	65	250	250	65
Blank	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ips calligraphus bait, used at Fort Benning, AL, September 1991.
	Id	Ger	cV	Ie	EM	Ln
Total blend	500	65	250	—	—	—
– " – − Id	—	65	250	—	—	—
– " – − Ger	500	—	250	—	—	—
– " – − cV	500	65	—	—	—	—
– " – + Ie	500	65	250	250	—	—
– " – + EM	500	65	250	—	65	—
– " – + Ln	500	65	250	—	—	65
– " – + Ie + EM + Ln	500	65	250	250	65	65
Blank	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ips pini bait, used in Rabun county, GA, June and July 1992.
	Id	EM	Ger	Ln	cV	Ie
Total blend	500	65	65	65	250	—
– " – − Id	—	65	65	65	250	—
– " – − EM	500	—	65	65	250	—
– " – − Ger	500	65	—	65	250	—
– " – − Ln	500	65	65	—	250	—
– " – − cV	500	65	65	65	—	—
– " – + Ie	500	65	65	65	250	250
Blank	—	—	—	—	—