On the Use of Adaptive Resemblance Terms in Chemical Ecology

Table 2

Summarized table of the main terms used for chemical adaptive resemblances in reviews about parasites of social insects and in reviews about adaptive chemical resemblance. Systems can either be considered according to what a mimic pretends to be or according to what an operator perceives. We adopted the latter view. Furthermore, the terminology based on the origins of mimetic compounds is shown.

By an operator, the mimic is…		Origin of mimetic compounds in cases where the mimic is detected as interesting entity by the operator
not detected as discrete entity or detected as an uninteresting entity^a	detected as an interesting entity	Innate biosynthesis	Acquisition from host	Reference
Chemical mimesis^b	Chemical mimicry or camouflage	Chemical mimicry	Chemical camouflage	Akino 2008^c [14]
—	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Bagnères and Lorenzi 2010^d [34]
Chemical camouflage	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Dettner and Liepert 1994 [15]
Chemical camouflage	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Geiselhardt et al. 2007^e [34]
—	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Howard and Blomquist 2005 [32]
—	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Keeling et al. 2004 [35]
—	Chemical mimicry	Chemical mimicry by biosynthesis	Chemical mimicry by camouflage	Lenoir et al. 2001 [11]
—	Chemical mimicry or camouflage	Chemical mimicry	Chemical camouflage	Nash and Boomsma 2008^c [3]
—	Chemical mimicry	—		Pierce et al. 2002 [36]
—	Chemical mimicry	Not specified	Chemical mimicry	Singer 1998^f [37]
Chemical crypsis^g	Chemical mimicry	No distinction		Stowe 1988 [31]
—	Chemical mimicry	Not specified	Chemical camouflage^h	Thomas et al. 2005^e [8]

—: not considered in the article. No distinction: the term chemical mimicry was used irrespective of the origin of mimetic cues. ^aAccording to the first two columns in Table 1. ^bDefined as being invisible through background matching. ^cAuthors follow the definition of Howard et al. [38]. ^dAuthors use the term mimicry irrespective of the origin of mimetic compounds but point out that different definitions exist depending on their origin. ^eAuthors follow Dettner and Liepert [15]. ^fThe term camouflage was used once to describe invading predators that biosynthesize CHCs of social insects. ^gDefined as resemblance of the background or of an entity in the background. ^hInconsistent to the definitions of Dettner and Liepert [15].