Review Article
Botanicals as Grain Protectants
Table 3
Insecticidal activity and mammalian toxicity of some natural insecticides.
| Natural insecticides | Insect toxicity* | Mammalian toxicity Oral (rat) LD50 (mg/kg b.w.) |
| Anethole | C, S | 2090 | β-asarone | C, S | 275 | Azadirachtin | IGR, R | 13000 | Carvacrol | C | 810 |
1,8-Cineole | C, F | 2480 | Cinnamaldehyde | C | 1160 | Cuminic aldehyde | C, S | 1390 | Eugenol | C, F | 500 | Nicotine | C | 50 | Pyrethrin I and II | C, S | 1200 | Rotenone | S | 350 | Ryania | C, S | 750 | Sabadilla | C, S | 5000 | Spinosad | C | 3738 |
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*
C: contact, S: stomach poison, F: fumigant, IGR: insect growth regulator, and R: repellent [80–82].
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