The Influence of Abiotic Factors on an Invasive Pest of Pulse Crops, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in North America

Table 1

Descriptions of CLIMEX parameters and parameter values used to predict the potential distribution and relative abundance of Sitona lineatus in North America.

Index	Parameter	Description	Value
Temperature	DV0	Limiting low temperature	7.0°C
	DV1	Lower optimal temperature	16.0°C
	DV2	Upper optimal temperature	25.0°C
	DV3	Limiting high temperature	32.0°C
Moisture	SM0	Limiting low soil moisture	0.10
	SM1	Lower optimal soil moisture	0.40
	SM2	Upper optimal soil moisture	1.00
	SM3	Limiting high moisture	1.50
Diapause	DPD0	Diapause induction day length	14 h
	DPT0	Diapause induction temperature	11.0°C
	DPT1	Diapause termination temperature	3.0°C
	DPD	Diapause development days	120
	DPSW	Diapause indicator for winter diapause	0
Cold Stress	TTCS	Cold stress threshold	−14.0°C
	THCS	Cold stress temperature rate	−0.00025
Heat Stress	TTHS	Heat stress temperature threshold	34.0°C
	THHS	Heat stress temperature rate	0.002
Dry Stress	SMDS	Dry stress threshold	0.02
	HDS	Dry stress rate	−0.003
Wet Stress	SMWS	Wet stress threshold	2.0
	HWS	Wet stress rate	0.01
Day-degree accumulation above DV0
	DV0		7.0
	DV3		32.0
Day-degree accumulation above DV3
	DV3		32.0
	DV4		100
Day-degree accumulation above DVCS
	DVCS		8.0
	DV4		100
Degree-days per generation
	PDD	Minimum degree days above DV0 to complete generation	450