Parasitoid Guilds of Agrilus Woodborers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Their Diversity and Potential for Use in Biological Control

Table 2

Parasitoid guilds associated with Agrilus woodborers in North America and Asia.

Parasitoid guilds	Order: Family	Species	Recorded Agrilus host	Habitat	Native range in distribution	Level of parasitism	Reference sources
Egg parasitoids	Hym: Aphelinidae	Ablerus sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<0.2%	[28]
	Hym: Encyrtidae	Avetianella sp.	A. anxius; A. subcinctus	Birch trees; ash trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<3.5%	[28, 34]
		Coccidencyrtus sp.	A. liragus	Poplar trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	~55%	[35]
		Ooencyrtus erionotae	A. sexsignatus	Eucalyptus trees	Southeast Asia (Philippines)	32–57%	[31, 32]
		Ooencyrtus sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<2.4%	[28]
		Oobius agrili	A. planipennis	Ash trees	China/northeast China-Jilin province	>50%	[15, 36]
		Oobius agrili	A. planipennis	Ash trees	United States/Michigan	Not reported	[19]
		Oobius zahaikevitshi	A. viridis and A. planipennis	Hazelnut and ash trees, resp.	Northern Italy/Russian	8 –58%	[37, 38]
		Orianos brazai	A. sexsignatus	Eucalyptus trees	Southeast Asia (Philippines)	0–47%	[39]
		Signichorini tribe	A. anxius	Birch trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<1%	[28]
		Ptinobius magniflcus	A. ruficollis	Raspberry, Blackberry, Dewberry	North America	Not reported	[40, 41]
	Hym: Signiphoridae	Thysanus sp.	A. liragus	Poplar trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	~12%	[35]
	Hym: Eulophidae	Pediobius sp.	A. planipennis	Ash trees	United States/Michigan	Not reported	[42]
Larval Parasitoids	Hym: Braconidae	Atanycolus charus	A. anxius and A. liragus	Birch and poplar trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	0.3–52%	[29, 35]
		Atanycolus cappaerti	A. planipennis; A. liragus and A. bilineatus	Ash trees; poplar and chestnut trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	9–71%	[33]
		Atanycolus disputabilis	A. planipennis and other North American native woodborers	Oak trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<1%	[43]
		Atanycolus simplex	A. planipennis; A. liragus and A. bilineatus	Ash trees; poplar and chestnut trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<1%	[35, 44]
		Atanycolus hicorie	A. planipennis and other native Agrilus woodborers	Ash trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<2%	[45, 46]
		Atanycolus nigropopyga	A. planipennis and other North American native woodborers	Ash trees	Northeastern US/Canada	<3%	JJD (unpublished)
		Atanycolus picipes	A. planipennis	Ash trees	Vladivostok, Russia	<5%	JJD (unpublished), [25]
		Doryctes farthus	A. anxius and A. liragus	Birch and poplar trees	Northeastern US/Canada	<0.1%	[44]
		Doryctes rufipes	A. anxius and A. liragus	Birch and poplar trees	Northeastern USA/Canada	<0.1%	[44]
		Doryctes atripes	A. anxius	Birch tree	Northeastern USA/Canada	<0.1%	[44]
		Iphiaulaz impostor	A. biguttatus	Poplar trees	Europe	~13%	[47]
		Leluthia astigma	A. planipennis; A. difficilis and other Agrilus spp.	Ash trees; honey locust trees	USA	~2.1%	[48, 49]
		Spathius agrili	A. planipennis	Ash trees	China	60–90%	[50–56]
		Spathius agrili	A. planipennis	Ash trees	USA/Michigan	Not reported	[21, 57]
		Spathius agrilivorus	A. planipennis	Ash trees	Vladivostok, Russia	~64%	JJD (unpublished), [25]
		Spathius curvicaudis	A. biguttatus	Oak trees	Europe	~25%	[47, 58]
		Spathius floridanus	A. planipennis and other North American native woodborers	Ash trees	USA	<0.5%	JJD (unpublished)
		Spathius laflammei	A. planipennis and other North American native woodborers	Ash trees	USA	<1%	JJD (unpublished)
		Spathius simillimus	A. anxius and A. liragus/; A. planipennis	Birch and poplar tree; ash trees	USA/Canada	<0.5%	[18]
		Wroughtonia (Helconidea) ligator	A. anxius, A. liragus and A. bilineatus	Birch, poplar and chestnut trees	northeastern USA/Canada	<1%	[29, 44]
		Ecphylus sp.	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	USA	Not reported	[34]
		Heterospilus sp.	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	USA	Not reported	[34]
		Pareucorystes varinervis	A. viridis	Hazelnut	Europe/Russia	Not reported	[59]
		Monogonogastra agrili	A. arcuatus	Hickory, pecan	North America	Not reported	[60]
		Microbracon xanthostigmus	A. ruficollis	Raspberry, blackberry, dewberry	North America	Not reported	[40, 41]
	Hym: Chalcididae	Phasgonophora sulcata	A. anxius, A. bilineatus and A. liragus; A. planipennis	Birch, chestnut and poplar tree; ash trees	USA/Canada	2–20%	[28–30, 35]
	Hym: Eulophidae	Tetrastichus nr.rugglesi	A. anxius and A. liragus; A. planipennis	Birch and poplar trees; ash trees	USA/Canada	<0.1%	[29, 35]
		Tetrastichus heeringi	A. sinuatus and A.aurichalceus	Pear trees and raspberries, resp.	Europe	55–75%	[61–63]
		Tetrastichus heeringi	A. ribesi	Black current	Europe	Not reported	[64]
		Tetrastichus sp.	A. sexignatus	Eucalyptus trees	Southeast Asia (Philippines)	2–50%	[31, 32]
		Tetrastichus planipennisi	A. planipennis	Ash trees	Northeastern China/Russian Far East	22–40%	[15, 65, 66]
		Tetrastichus planipennisi	A. planipennis	Ash trees	USA Michigan	0.80%	[27, 57, 67]
		Baryscapus agrilorum	A. aurichalceus	Raspberry	Europe/Hungary	Not reported	[62, 68]
		near Hadrotrichodes	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	USA	Not reported	[34]
		Entodon epicharis	A. surorovi/	Poplar	China	Not reported	[69]
		Entodon zanara	A. surorovi	Poplar	China	Not reported	[69]
	Hym: Eupelmidae	Balcha indica	A. planipennis and other Asia and North American woodborers	Ash trees	Southeast Asia/North America	<4%	[70–72]
		Calosota elongata	A. auroguttatus	Oak trees	USA/Mexico	15%	[6]
		Eupelmus pini	A. planipennis	Ash trees and weevils	North America	<0.2%	[70]
		Metapelma sp.	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	USA	Not reported	[34]
		Calosota agrili	A. salicis	Willow	Europe/Poland and Russia	Not reported	[73, 74]
		Pentacladia hatayensis	Agrilus sp.	Fig	Turkey	Not reported	[75]
	Hym: Eurytomidae	Bephratoides agrili	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[29]
		Eurytoma rosae	A. rubicola and A. bilineatus	Rose and chestnut trees		Not reported
		Eurytoma sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[29]
		Eurytoma sp.	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	North America	Not reported	[34]
	Hym: Ichneumonidae	Cunocephalus sp.	A. planipennis	Ash trees—to be confirmed	North America	<0.2%	[70]
		Dolichomitus messorperlongus	A. anxius and A. liragus	Birch trees	North America	<0.4%	[29]
		Dolichomitus vitticrus	A. planipennis and other native woodborers	Ash trees	North America	<0.2%	[70]
		Ephialtes sp.	A. anxius and A. liragus	Birch trees	North America	<0.4%	[35]
		Glypta sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[44]
		Ichneumon sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[44]
		Olesicampe sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[44]
		Unknown spp.	A. suvorovi-populneus	Poplar trees	Europe/Hungary	4-5%	[76]
		Orthizema sp.	A. anxius; A. planipennis	Birch trees; ash trees	North America	<1%	[44, 70]
		Pimploterus sp.	A. anxius	Birch trees	North America	<1%	[44]
		Labena apicaulis	A. arcuatus	Hickory, pecan	North America	Not reported	[60]
	Hym: Stephanidae	Foenatopus sp.	A. sexsignatus	Eucalyptus trees	Southeast Asia (Philippines)	2–50%	[31, 32]
	Hym: Pteromalidae	Zatropus sp.	A. arcuatus	Hickory, pecan	North America	Not reported	[60]
		Oodera sp.	A. subcinctus	Ash trees	USA	Not reported	[34]
	Hym: Bethylidae	Sclerodermus pupariae	A. planipennis	Ash trees	China	Not reported	[77]